The ozone story

Subdecks (2)

Cards (23)

  • Heterolytic fission - both of the shared electrons go to one of the atoms and becomes negatively charged, the other becomes positively charged
  • Homolytic fission - One of the two shared electrons go to each atom
  • Steps in radical chain reactions:
    1. Initiation
    2. Propagation
    3. Termination
  • Photodissociation
    A chemical bond is broken by photons
  • Straight chain alkanes have higher boiling points than branched isomers there's more contacts between molecules and opportunities for intermolecular bonds to form.
  • Permanent dipole

    Occurs when two atoms have substantially different electronegativities
  • Instantaneous dipole

    Temporary dipole as the electrons within the molecule are in constant motion
  • Induced dipole
    Occurs if an unpolarised molecule is next to a dipole.
  • Three kinds of intermolecular bonds
    Instantaneous dipole - induced dipole - Weakest
    Permanent dipole - induced dipole
    Permanent dipole - permanent dipole - strongest
  • Nucleophile
    A molecule or a negatively charged ion with a lone pair of electrons that it can donate to a positively charged atom from a covalent bond.
  • Overall reaction causing ozone to break down
    X + O3 -> XO + O2
    XO + O -> X + O2
    Overall: O + O3 -> O2 + O2
  • Hydrogen bonding (exam Q answer)
    1.Molecule one contains a small hydrogen atom made partially positive by being attached to a highly electronegative atom
    2.Molecuole 2 contains a highly electronegative atom with at least one lone pair which the H atom can get very close to interact with
  • Hydrogen bonding
    Permanent dipole - permanent dipole
  • Explain the trend in boiling point of the haloalkanes
    Increases down the group
    Larger atomic radius, larger number of electron shells
    Stronger instantaneous dipole - induced dipole forces
  • Why does nucleophilic substitution happen?
    The haloalkane bond is polar
    The electronegative halogen pulls the electron away from the carbon atom