Organisation

• Similar cells connected together form a tissue
• What is the organ system responsible for breaking down food?

  Digestive system
• Bile is produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder.
• What is the role of bile in digestion?

  Neutralizes stomach acid
• Enzymes act as biological catalysts
• Match the enzyme with its substrate:

  Amylase ↔️ Starch

  Protease ↔️ Protein

  Lipase ↔️ Lipids
• Why is the shape of an enzyme's active site specific to its substrate?

  Lock and key principle
• Enzyme activity decreases at temperatures above the optimum.
• What is the term for an enzyme that has lost its shape due to high temperature?

  Denatured
• Steps in the enzyme activity practical using amylase

  1️⃣ Mix amylase with starch

  2️⃣ Add iodine to test for starch

  3️⃣ Measure time for starch to break down

  4️⃣ Repeat at different temperatures or pH

  5️⃣ Draw a curved line of best fit
• What color does iodine turn in the presence of starch?

  Black
• Food tests can identify the presence of specific nutrients.
• Match the food test with its result for a positive reaction:

  Iodine ↔️ Black

  Benedict's solution ↔️ Orange

  Biuret's reagent ↔️ Purple

  Cold ethanol ↔️ Cloudy
• What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

  Gas exchange
• Steps in the movement of air through the respiratory system

  1️⃣ Trachea

  2️⃣ Bronchi

  3️⃣ Bronchioles

  4️⃣ Alveoli
• Where does oxygen bind to in red blood cells?

  Hemoglobin
• Carbon dioxide is dissolved into the plasma
• The heart is part of a double circulatory system.
• What is the name of the vein that brings deoxygenated blood into the right atrium?

  Vena cava
• Valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood
• The left side of the heart has thicker walls than the right side.
• What type of cells create electrical pulses to make the heart beat?

  Group of cells
• What is the purpose of an artificial pacemaker?

  Regulate heart rhythm
• Arteries carry oxygenated blood except for the pulmonary artery.
• Veins have valves to prevent backflow of blood.
• What is the role of capillaries in the circulatory system?

  Allow fast diffusion
• The coronary artery supplies blood to the heart muscle.
• What are statins used for in treating heart disease?

  Reduce cholesterol
• Faulty heart valves can be replaced with artificial ones.
• What type of blood cells combat infections?

  White blood cells
• Platelets in blood help to clot wounds.
• Cardiovascular disease is an example of a non-communicable disease.
• What is the full name of CHD?

  Coronary heart disease
• Statins reduce cholesterol, which in turn reduces fatty deposits
• Faulty heart valves can cause backflow of blood
• What type of blood cells combat infections?

  White blood cells
• Match the blood component with its function:

  Plasma ↔️ Carries blood cells

  Red blood cells ↔️ Carry oxygen

  White blood cells ↔️ Combat infections

  Platelets ↔️ Clot wounds
• What does CVD stand for?

  Cardiovascular disease
• What is a carcinogen?

  Anything that increases cancer risk
• Benign cancers do not spread through the body