Week 1

• cognitive science is a scientific interdisciplinary study of the mind
• cognition is the act or process of knowing (perception)
• computation is a process that manipulates a given set of data to produce some result (information processing)
• perception collects and interprets data in a form that the mind can understand
• the ability to link and apply knowledge effectively makes us intelligent
• information is "input" into our minds through perception and is stored in our memories (processed in the form of thought)
• thoughts serve as "output" (language or physical behaviour)
• alan turing came up with the idea of turing test to define machine intelligence
• a computer passes the turing test if it cannot be distinguished from a human by its conversation alone
• cognitive science attempts to find the intersections of these studies and validate the findings using computational means 
• which discipline's approach is to raise questions, collect facts and data, and try to answer using logic and reasoning?

  philosophy
• which discipline studies the mind-body problem?

  philosophy
• which is the oldest discipline?

  philosophy
• what kind of reasoning do philosophers use?

  deductive and inductive
• deductive reasoning is the application of the rules of logic to statements about the world
• inductive reasoning makes observations about specific instances in the world, notice commonalities among them and draw conclusions
• which discipline is more practical and experimental?

  psychology
• which discipline's approach is to design experiments focused on specific aspects of the mental process which are performed by multiple subjects?

  psychology
• which was the first discipline to use the scientific method to study mental phenomena?

  psychology
• voluntarists and structuralists in the psychology discipline viewed the mind as a kind of test tube in which chemical reactions between mental elements took place
• functionalism in the psychology discipline viewed the mind according to what its operations were (what it can do)
• gestalts in psychology discipline said mind is composed of parts, but emphasized that it was the combination and interaction of the parts that gave rise to new wholes
• psychoanalytic psychology in the psychology discipline see mind as a collection of differing and competing minds
• behaviourism in psychology discipline sees the mind as something that maps stimuli onto behaviours
• which discipline adopted the computer as a metaphor for mind and described mental functioning in terms of representation and computation?

  cognitive psychology
• which discipline focuses on the hardware (brain instead of abstract mind)?

  neuroscience
• which discipline's approach is to experiment with the brain regions using imaging & lesion technology?

  neuroscience
• which discipline studies human ability to learn and communicate using language and grammar?

  linguistics
• which discipline's approach is to experiment study with subject?

  linguistics
• which discipline studies how social and cultural upbringings affect the way our minds work?

  anthropology
• which discipline's approach studies different cultures and experiments with subjects?

  anthropology
• which discipline's approach is to program machines to think, learn, solve problems, and produce human-like responses by building computational models of the processes of the mind?

  artificial intelligence
• which discipline is concerned with getting computers to perform tasks that require human intelligence?

  artificial intelligence
• what is a branch of psychology discipline examines different theories of emotions and describes how they influence perception, attention, memory and decision making?

  emotions
• which branch of neuroscience discipline is a modelling and knowledge representation approach for human cognition based on how the brain neurons are connected and work together?

  network
• which branch of anthropology studies natural selection and attempts to elucidate the selection forces that acted on our ancestors and how these forces gave rise to our cognitive structures?

  evolution
• which branch of anthropology explores how people make sense of themselves and others (includes the theory of mind)?

  social
• theory of mind is the ability to understand and appreciate other people's states of mind
• what is a branch of AI that focuses on how our complete cognitive system works and produces motor actions to build robotic systems that can think and act autonomously?

  robotics
• in robotics, the hierarchical paradigm offers a "top-down" perspective where the robot is programmed with knowledge about the world