veterinary medicine

• What is the general diagnostic approach to medical cases?

  Organizing clues to form differential diagnoses
• What are differential diagnoses?

  Ideas on what might be wrong with a patient
• How do we use differentials in diagnostics?

  To determine the best diagnostic tests to run
• What factors do we consider to make a diagnosis?

  Signalment, history, physical exam, test results
• What does NAD stand for in diagnostics?

  No abnormalities detected
• What is the process for creating a problem list and differential diagnoses?

  • Use the problem list to identify potential causes
  • Order differential diagnoses by likelihood
• What is the first step in making a diagnostic plan?

  Creating a diagnostic plan based on differentials
• What is signalment in veterinary diagnostics?

  An accurate description of the patient
• What types of history are considered in diagnostics?

  Immediate and general history
• What is prognosis in a medical context?

  An opinion on likely outcomes of a condition
• What is the role of diagnostic testing?

  To detect, diagnose, and monitor conditions
• What are common in-house tests performed in veterinary diagnostics?

  • Basic blood tests (CBC, MBA)
  • Stool tests (fecal flotations, counts)
  • Urine tests (dipstick, USG)
  • Basic cytology (fine needle aspirate)
  • Basic skin tests (scapes, hair plucks)
• What does therapy/treatment include in veterinary medicine?

  Medical treatment, dietary changes, physical therapy
• Who is responsible for formulating treatment plans?

  Veterinarians
• What are some routes of medical therapy administration?

  Oral, intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular
• What is clinical reasoning?

  The method of processing data for decision making
• What are the three core dimensions of clinical reasoning?

  • Case-specific knowledge
  • Cognitive processing skills
  • Meta-cognitive skills (reflective self-awareness)
• What is the outcome of effective clinical reasoning?

  Diagnosis, successful treatment, and prognostication
• What is the 'dual model' of decision making?

  • Type 1: Intuitive, low effort, fast
  • Type 2: Analytical, high effort, slow
• What characterizes Type 1 reasoning?

  Intuitive, low awareness, high speed
• What characterizes Type 2 reasoning?

  Analytical, high awareness, low speed
• How does understanding pathophysiology aid in diagnostics?

  It helps form a differential diagnosis list
• What are clinical reasoning "building blocks"?

  Clinical signs, history, clinical exam, further tests