Plant tissues

• What are the main components of a plant's organ system?

  Stem, root, and leaves
• What is the function of plant tissues?

  They are adapted to their functions
• What do xylem and phloem transport in plants?

  Substances into, around, and out of a plant
• What is transpiration in plants?

  The loss of water from leaves
• What factors affect transpiration in plants?

  Environmental factors
• What is the role of the epidermis in plant tissues?

  Protects the plant surface
• How is the palisade mesophyll adapted for photosynthesis?

  It contains many chloroplasts
• What is the structure of the palisade mesophyll?

  Closely packed cells in the upper layer
• What is the function of the spongy mesophyll?

  Allows gas exchange in the leaf
• How do gases enter and exit the leaf?

  Through small pores called stomata
• What happens to water during transpiration?

  It is lost by evaporation through stomata
• How does closing the stomata affect water loss?

  It helps to control water loss
• What are the main types of plant tissues involved in transport?

  • Xylem: transports water and minerals
  • Phloem: transports sugars and nutrients
• What are the adaptations of leaves for photosynthesis?

  • Palisade mesophyll: packed with chloroplasts
  • Spongy mesophyll: loosely packed for gas exchange
  • Stomata: small pores for gas entry and exit
• What is the process of photosynthesis?

  • Converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen
  • Uses light energy
  • Oxygen is a by-product
• What environmental factors affect transpiration?

  • Temperature
  • Humidity
  • Wind speed
  • Light intensity
• What are the main components of plant cells, tissues, and organs?

  They are adapted to their functions.
• What forms an organ system in plants?

  The stem, root, and leaves.
• What is the primary function of the plant organ system?

  To transport substances into, around, and out of a plant.
• What are the two main types of plant transport tissues?

  • Xylem
  • Phloem
• What is the function of xylem in plants?

  To transport water and minerals.
• How do xylem vessels appear structurally?

  Narrow, hollow, dead tubes with lignin.
• What is the role of lignin in xylem vessels?

  It provides strength and support.
• What happens to the end walls of xylem vessels?

  They are lost to form a continuous tube.
• What type of process is transport in the xylem?

  It is a physical process that does not require energy.
• What does phloem transport in plants?

  Products of photosynthesis, including sugars and amino acids.
• Where does phloem transport food substances?

  To growing parts and storage organs.
• What is translocation in plants?

  The transport of dissolved material within a plant.
• What type of cells make up the phloem?

  Living cells adapted for transport.
• What are sieve tubes in phloem?

  Conducting cells specialized for transport.
• What is unique about the nuclei of sieve tube cells?

  They have no nuclei.
• How do companion cells assist sieve tubes?

  They provide energy for transport.
• How does transport in phloem differ from transport in xylem?

  Phloem requires energy; xylem does not.
• Compare the transport processes in xylem and phloem.

  • Xylem:
  • Physical process
  • Transports water and minerals
  • Direction: upwards
  • Phloem:
  • Requires energy
  • Transports products of photosynthesis
  • Direction: upwards and downwards