combined science biology

• What is homeostasis?

  Maintenance of a constant internal environment
• Why is homeostasis important for the body?

  It keeps the body functioning properly
• What levels need to be controlled in homeostasis?

  Blood glucose, water, and temperature
• What role does the brain play in homeostasis?

  It sends signals to various body parts
• What organ produces insulin?

  Pancreas
• What is the function of effectors in the body?

  They perform actions like moving
• What does the central nervous system consist of?

  Brain and spinal cord
• What happens during a reflex action?

  Signal travels quickly to spinal cord
• How do nerve cells transmit signals?

  Fast electrical signals and slow chemical signals
• Where is the pituitary gland located?

  In the brain
• What hormone do testes produce?

  Testosterone
• What is the role of estrogen?

  Responsible for maturation of eggs
• What does the adrenal gland produce?

  Adrenaline for fight-or-flight response
• What is the function of glucagon?

  Raises blood glucose levels
• What are the two types of diabetes?

  Type 1 and Type 2
• What is a symptom of diabetes?

  Increased thirst and blurry vision
• How is Type 1 diabetes treated?

  Insulin injections
• What is the role of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)?

  Stimulates growth of eggs
• What happens to the uterine lining if no embryo implants?

  It breaks down
• What are the methods of contraception?

  • Barrier methods (e.g., condoms, diaphragm)
  • Hormonal methods (e.g., pill, IUD)
  • Sterilization (e.g., tubal ligation)
• What is the purpose of using condoms?

  Prevent pregnancy and STDs
• What is selective breeding?

  Breeding for specific characteristics
• What is the result of mitosis?

  Two identical daughter cells
• What is the difference between diploid and haploid cells?

  Diploid has two sets of chromosomes
• What are gametes in humans?

  Sperm and egg cells
• What is crossing over in meiosis?

  Exchange of chromosome segments
• What is a gene?

  A stretch of DNA for a characteristic
• What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

  Genotype is genetic makeup; phenotype is traits
• What is a mutation?

  A change in DNA sequence
• What is natural selection?

  Process where traits improve survival
• Who proposed the theory of evolution?

  Charles Darwin
• What evidence supports evolution?

  Fossils and rapid bacterial changes
• What is speciation?

  Formation of new species
• How do finches on the Galapagos Islands illustrate evolution?

  Different beak shapes adapted to food sources
• What is the impact of selective breeding?

  Enhances specific traits in animals
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of IVF?

  Advantages:

  • Helps couples conceive
  • Can create genetic matches for siblings

  
  

  Disadvantages:

  • Expensive and time-consuming
  • Requires many drugs with side effects
• How many chromosomes do humans have?

  46 chromosomes
• What determines genetic sex in humans?

  Combination of X and Y chromosomes
• How do identical twins differ despite having the same genotype?

  Phenotypes can vary due to environment
• What factors lead to variation in a population?

  Genetic and environmental influences