chapter two:the complexity of psychological development

• define emotion 


  a complex reaction pattern that involves a mixture of physiological responses, subjective feelings, expressive behavior
• what are the three common elements of emotional development

  physiological responses, subjective feelings repressive behaviors
• what are physiological responses


  bodily changes that occur when we experience an emotion like the change of heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, etc
• what are subjective feelings?

  refer to the inner, personal experience of an emotion
• what are expressive behaviors?

  refers to the many overt expressions of behaviour which communicate emotions
• what is development


  refers to the changes that occur overtime (lifetime development)
• what is developmental psychology 


  refers to the study of our physical, cognitive, social, and emotional changes throughout our whole lives
• what are the areas of development

  emotional, cognitive, and social
• what is emotional development? 


  involves changes in how an individual experiences different feelings and how those feelings are expressed, interpreted, and dealt with
• what is cognitive development 


  involves changes in an individuals mental abilities
• what is social development? 


  involves changes in an individual's relationship with other people and their skills in interacting with others
• what are examples of emotional development?


  the way anger is expressed by a two year old, compared to a 16 year old
• what are examples of cognitive development?

  reasoning, problem solving, decision making, perception, learning, memory, use of language
• what are examples of social development?

  ability to form and maintain relationships with others
• what are heredity factors?

  involves the transmission of characteristics from biological parents to their offspring via genes at the time of conception
• what are some heredity factor examples?

  blood type, eye and hair color, diseases or disorders
• what are environmental factors?

  used to refer all the experiences, objects, and events to which we are exposed throughout our entire lifetime
• what are some environmental factors examples?

  income level, friendship groups, your religion, sociocultural factors
• is environmental nature or nurture?

  nurture
• is hereditary nature or nurture?

  nature
• what is the biopsychosocial model?

  is an approach to describing and explaining psychological development and wellbeing through the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors
• what are biological factors in the biopsychosocial model?

  involve physiologically based or determined influences
• what are examples of the biological factors in the biopsychosocial model?

  family history, medical conditions, drug and alcohol use
• what are psychological factors in the biopsychosocial model?

  involves all the internal mental processes and influences
• what are examples of psychological factors in the biopsychosocial model?

  dysfunctional thinking, coping skills, excessive worry
• what are social factors in the biopsychosocial model?

  involve influences from the external social environment in which we interact with others
• what are examples of social factors in the biopsychosocial model?

  living in an abusive environment, prolonged stress, interpersonal relationships
• what are the common elements of different emotions

  physiological responses, subjective feelings, expressive behavior
• what are physiological responses

  bodily changes that occur when we experience an emotion involving changes
• high-intensity experience of emotions equals to what

  pronounced bodily changes EG: increased heart rate
• what are some examples of physiological responses

  heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate
• what are subjective feelings

  refers to inner personal experiences of an emotion, their understanding of it, and attitude
• what is expressive behaivour

  refers to the many overt expressions of behavior which commincated emotions
• how can expressive behaivour be expressed

  facial expression, body language, vocal qualities
• what is attachment

  refers to the emotional bond which forms with an infant and other person
• what is secure attachment

  where a child feels safe and secure in a relationship and can explore their environment and develop new skills
• what are characteristics of secured attachment

  a balance between dependence and exploration, seeking physical contact, some distress when caregiver leaves
• what is insecure resistant attachment

  children who tend to be clingy and overly dependent on their caregiver
• how is insecure resistant attachment characterized

  anxiety even when the caregiver is near, cries for attention but then fights to get free
• what is insecure avoidant attachment

  children who tend to be avoidant or disregard their caregiver