Biology Ch 6

• Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, prokaryotic cells do not
• Eukaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles, prokaryotic cells do not
• Eukaryotic cells are bigger than prokaryotic cells
• Eukaryotic cells have DNA inside the nucleus
• The nucleus contains the genetic material of the cell and controls the activities of the cell.
• The nuclear envolope is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus of a cell
• The nucleolus is the site of ribosomal RNA synthesis
• Ribosomes carry out protein synthesis
• The endoplasmic reticulum has a smooth and rough part
• The rough ER has bound ribosomes, distributes transport vesicles, and is a membrane factory for the cell
• The smooth ER synthesizes lipids, metabolizes carbohydrates, detoxifies drugs/poisons, and stores calcium ions
• The golgi apparatus modifies products of the ER, manufactures macromolecules, and sorts/packages them for transport
• Lysosomes are digestive organelles that contain hydrolytic enzymes
• Vacuoles are large vesicles from the ER
• Food vacuoles are formed by phagocytosis
• Contractile vacuoles pump out excess water
• Central vacuoles hold water
• Mitochondria is the site of cellular respiration which is a process that uses O2 to create ATP
• Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis in plants
• The cytoskeleton organizes the cell's structures and activities
• The cytoskeleton is composed of microtubles, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments
• The golgi has two sides cis (receiving) and trans (shipping)