Unit 9- Revolution and Nationalism

• before the revolution what type of government did Russia have?


  ruled by a czar

  gov where ruler/party had total power
• after the revolution what type of government did Russia have?

  Socialist government based on a communist based political party.

  Czar and his family are pulled out of power.
• Who was Alexander III?

  Czar of Russia before Nicolas II, Romanov Family
• what did Alexander III do that angered Russians to Revolution?

  Promoted Russian Nationalism

  Supported the Russian Orthodox Church

  Justified his own divine right to tule.

  Eliminated opponents and revolutionaries

  * Pogroms: Organized violence against Jewish Families
• what did Czar Nicolas II do that angered Russians to Revolution?

  High taxes on peasants to finance reform.

  Would not surrender power or share his power
• Who was Nicolas II?

  The last Russian monarch and Romanov dynasty

  He listened to Rasputin and isolated nobles.

  His son had hemophilia

  Supported economic and industrial growth

  He also built Russian industries and expanded transportation
• What were other factors that led to the Russian Rev?

  The Russia-Japanese War where Russia lost land to Japan

  Losses in WWI

  Marxism made economic equality appealing to peasants in Russia

  Bloody Sunday were workers protested but were shot
• What was the spark to the Russian Revolution?

  Bloody Sunday where workers peacefully protested at poor working conditions but were fired upon.
• What was the Duma?

  Russia's first parliament is very weak

  Nicolas II didn't want to share his power with the Duma nor the nobles
• What caused the growth of Soviets?

  Councils of revolution workers became popular
• What was the result of the Russian Civil war?

  Bolsheviks win.
• Who were the Bolsheviks?

  A political party in Russia led by Vladimir Lenin who wanted political change.

  Supported Marxism and economic equality
• What did the Duma hope for?

  A republic or a constitutional monarchy
• Germany snuck in Bolshevik leader, Vladmir Lenin into Russia during WWI. He helped with the downfall of the czar and the establishment of the Soviet Union
• Who was Vladmir Lenin and what did he do for Russia?

  Leader of the Bolshevik Party and founder of the Soviet Union.

  No democracy, he used soviets to create local governments that supported socialism

  Dictatorship of the communist party and the workers soviets

  No more social classes

  The new economic policy was socialism as the state controlled economy and industries

  Some capitalism in order to continue trade to boost the economy

  Russia was renamed to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (The USSR or Soviet Union)
• How was Mexico before the revolution?

  Government: Diaz ruled as dictator for over 30 years

  Political: Regionalist developed. Colonial peoples became loyal to a particular region. Many boundaries developed from this rather than by former indigenous empires

  Peninsulares and New Creoles still maintain most of the power. Structure maintained since the development of the encomienda system.
• How was the rule of Porfiro Diaz like?

  Economics:

  Cash crop economies: many of them were still dependent on the exchange of goods between Latin America and Spain.

  Continued reliance since the development of the Columbian exchange

  US companies dominated trade in the Carribean.

  Status and importance of the middle class increased due to trade and manufacturing.
• Who was Rancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata?

  Revolutionary leaders in the Mexican Revolution.
• What was the result of a federal republic in Mexico?

  Nationalization of industries and resources

  Land redistribution

  Workers Rights
• What did Sun Yixian do?

  Wanted to use democracy and capitalism to replace the emperor of the Qing Dynasty in China

  Formed the nationalist party (KMT)
• Who was Sun?

  He was educated in the United States and believed that democracy would be the best form of government in China

  He led the KMT in overthrowing the last emperor of China

  First President of China
• Was Sun and Jiang seen as strong rulers?

  No, they were seen as weak and Jiang ruled as a military dictator
• What happened with China in WWI?

  China supported the Allies but Japan received Germany
• Since Sun was seen too friendly with the West, he lost support
• Who was Mao Zedong?

  Supported communism to replace the emperor of the Qing Dynasty and separate China from the west

  founded the communist party in China based off Marxist ideas

  school teacher who studied in China
• How did Mao Zedong rise to power?

  He led the May 4th Movement where the students, workers, and entrepreneurs.

  Huge protest stages after Treaty of Versailles against European and Japanese imperialism
• Maoist Communism?

  Majority of China's population were peasant farmers

  Mao promoted a revolution of peasants rather than a revolution of workers.

  Mao fought against the dictatorship of Jiang & his armies
• Chinese Civil War was a dispute between KMT and the communists
• What was the Long March?

  When the KMT fought the Red Army across China
• What was the temporary end of the Civil war in China?

  Japan invaded China

  Both forces joined together to fight against Japan
• Who was Jiang Jeishi?

  Sun's successor

  The West and US provided him with resources to fight against Mao and communists.

  Ruled as a dictator rather than a true democracy
• Leon Trotsky was an intellectual who shared Lenin's goal
• What did Stalin do1?

  established a command economy* (state made all economic decisions)* FIVE YEAR PLANit was used to industrialize rapidly and modernize manufacturing* took land from wealthy peasants and killed them (kulaks); then redistributed them to create collective farms* eliminated personal freedomused propaganda and the secret police to eliminate his enemiespeople could not leave the USSR and asked to pledge to Stalintook away freedom of religionprovided education and work for both women and men* used propaganda to promote communism
• What is capitalism?

  The belief that an economy will prosper with little to no government regulation

  - private ownership of industry

  - freedom of competition

  - results in unequal economic classes
• What is communism?

  The belief for equality economically

  - no social classes/ everyone is the same

  - no government/ the people rule the state
• What is the proletariat?

  the working class

  (in reference to marxism)
• Who was Alexander III?

  * he promoted Russian Nationalism and supported the Russian Orthodox Church (his rule was justified by divine right)

  - he eliminated his opponents and revolutionaries

  Organized Porgoms: violence against Jewish families
• Who is Csar Nicholas II?

  * last emperor of the Romanov dynasty and Russian monarch

  - trusted his advisor, Rasputin

  * support economic/ logistical growth

  * build industries and expanded transportation (Trans-Siberian Railway)

  
  

  BUT: he put high taxes on peasants to finance these reforms, and would never surrender his power or even share it.
• What were some other factors of the Russian Revolution?

  * the Russo-Japanese war (Russia lost)

  - WWI and the resources lost

  - popularity in Marxism (economical equality was pleasing for peasants)

  - Bloody Sunday occurred where 200,00 workers peaceful protested their poor conditions, but were fired upon!
• Who were the Duma?


  * Russia's first parliament (who were pretty weak)

  Nicholas did not want to share his power with them either :(