History of Genetics

Cards (21)

  • Venter and Collins
    Discovered programmed call death and they both work on the human genome project. Completely sequenced the genome for several organism including humans.
  • King
    Discovered that chips and humans share 99% of genes. She also discovered the breast cancer gene BRCA1, was the first to link cancer to an actual gene.
  • Jeffreys
    Developed DNA fingerprinting technique that is used in many applications. He used restriction enzymes to digest DNA into a banding pattern that is compared to a known sample of DNA.
  • Mullis
    Discovered that DNA could amplified, so that it could be studied better. The technique was called PCR polymerase chain reaction.
  • Sanger
    Discovered the di- deoxy method of DNA sequencing.
  • R. Kornberg
    Discovered chromatin structure. Determined that DNA was wound around histone proteins that accounted for its condensed packaging.
  • Cohen and Boyer
    Used restriction enzymes to make recombinant DNA, DNA that has non native genes inserted into it.
  • Jacob and Monod
    Were the first to understand how a gene was regulated (turned on/off) by studying the lac operon, a gene that codes for an enzyme that breaks down lactose.
  • Nirenberg
    Cracked the universal genetic code, by studying E. coli. He determined that there were 64 codons that coded for the 20 amino acids present in all living organisms.
  • A. Kornberg
    Isolated the enzyme that replicates DNA, DNA polymerase, and discovered DNA could be replicated in vitro, laid the ground work for Mullis' PCR
  • Meselson and Stahl
    Discovered that DNA replicates in semi-conservative manner.
  • Crick
    Developed the central dogma theory that explains how genes encode for proteins
  • Watson, Crick and Franklin
    _________ and _________ used stolen X-ray crystallography images from _________ lab to determine the double helix structure of DNA.
  • Hershey and Chase
    Showed that DNA was the molecule responsible for passing genes when studying bacteriophage
  • Chargaff
    Discovered that the 4 bases ACTG are always present in a certain ratio, 1:1, A:T and G:C, called __________ rule.
  • McClintock
    Discovered that genes were not stagnant and could transpose onto different chromosomes (jumping genes) when studying corn kernel color.
  • Beadle and Tatum
    Discovered that enzymes were gene products, One gene one enzyme theory, when working with Neospora (bread mold)
  • Muller
    Discovered that x-rays mutate DNA
  • Morgan
    Discovered that chromosomes control traits when he studied white eyed male mutant drosophilia
  • Meischer
    Discovered DNA (nuclein)
    Extracted from pus filled bandages
  • Mendel
    Worked with pea plants and discovered the laws of heredity