PHAC 3060

• What are abnormalities of body structure and system function resulting from any cause?

  Impairment
• What is a difficulty encountered by an individual in executing a task or action?

  Activity Limitation
• What is a problem experienced by an individual involvement in life situations?

  Participation Restriction
• An umbrella term covering impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions?

  Disability
• What are disadvantages experienced by individuals as a result of impairments or disability and reflect an interaction of the individual with the environment?

  Handicap
• What is disability classified as?

  Human Rights Issue
• ____ are the most common disability at 52%

  __ million Canadians affected

  __% of the population

  Most are over the age of __

  mobility, 4.2, 15, 11, 65
• Health Disparities:

  Compared to general pop, people with disabilities have poorer health and higher rates of chronic conditions, have lower rates of social participation in health events and have lower rates of recommended health behaviour
• What is defined as: Accessible PA provided to all individuals across the life span in diverse settings?

  Inclusive PA
• Using the same, not separate instructor that can teach in multiple settings is an example of?

  Resource Redundancy
• Good activity programming/leading should have this as a focus. How you interact with one person compared to another is an example of?

  Instructional Individualization
• Breadth of Benefits can bee seen as social and motivational.
• Respectful Language and Actions (!!!)

  1. Name before disability
  2. Introduction - shake hands - if unable touch person on shoulder or arm
  3. If meeting a person with a visual impairment, identify yourself and others too
  4. If meeting a person with a hearing impairment, tap shoulder or wave hand. Look directly and speak clearly.
• Inclusion Spectrum:

  Everyone does the same activity with modifications to challenge and support all abilities

  Modified Activity
• Inclusion Spectrum:

  A simple activity is based on what the entire group can do with little or no modifications

  Open Activity
• Inclusion Spectrum:

  An individual or group do a purposefully planned different activity

  Separate Activity
• Inclusion Spectrum:

  Participants are grouped according to ability - each do the same activity but at appropriate levels.

  Parallel Activity
• What encompasses Disability sport activity?

  • Activity based on aspects of disability sport can be included in all approaches (reverse integration) 


  Inclusion Spectrum
• What is a belief system that often underlies negative attitudes, stereotypes and stigma toward people with psychosocial and physical disability. Also refers to attitudes in society that devalue and limits the potential of person with disabilities

  Ableism
• Kasser Definition: a philosophy that embraces equity adn values participation for all

  Inclusion
• Kasser Definition: accessible PA programs provided to all individuals across the lifespan in diverse settings:

  • Infant and toddler
  • School based PE
  • Community based rec and leisure
  • Exercise and fitness programs
  • Multilevel sport
  • Culturally specific events

  Inclusive PA
• What is it called when Practitioners are accepting and versatile enough to want to invite those with various abilities

  Pre-Requisites
• What is a developmental disability that can cause significant social, communication, and behaviour challenges (CDC) 


  Autism
• What affects information processing of the brain by altering how nerve cells and their synapses connect and organize?


  Autism
• Name The Disability:

  • Develops language
  • Normal to high intelligence
  • ADD and OCD
  • Difficult reading non-verbal cues, literal naïve tendencies
  • Coordination difficulties, bouncy or stilted walk


  Aspergers syndrome
• What is the term referring to "repeating words with no meaning"


  Echolalia
• Name The Disability:

  • Social communication disorder is a new diagnostic category
  • It is meant to apply to individuals who have deficits in the social use of language, but do not have the restricted interests or repetitive behaviour you see in autism spectrum disorders.
  • Encompasses Asperger's Syndrome and PDD-NOS


  Social Communication Disorder
• What Criteria is this for?

  • Symptoms must be present in early childhood. 
  • Symptoms together limit and impair everyday functioning

  DSM-5
• Name The Disability:

  • Only females
  • Severe impairment in expressive and receptive language
  • Severe psychomotor retardation
  • Purposeful to non-purposeful movement. 

  Rett's Disorder
• Name The Disability:

  • After two years
  • Significant loss of any previously acquired skills in communication, behaviour, play.
  • May lose motor skills, bowel, bladder, and social skills.

  Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
• Name The Disability:

  • Impairment in social interactions, communications and or stereotyped behaviour patterns
  • Unusual sensitivities to the environment
  • Shows extremes of emotions (joy, fear, anger)
  • Echolalia

  Pervasive Developmental Disorder
• Causes of Autism (ASD)

  • Genes
  • Brain
  • Prenatal Factors
  • Perinatal Factors
  • Neuroanatomical Abnormalities
  • Environmental Factors
• Frequency in ASD:

  • 1 in 88 people
  • All racial, ethnic, and socio-demographic groups
  • 5 times higher for males
  • More severe in females
  • Early intervention is critical
• Commonalities of ASD

  1. Social Communication
  2. Social interaction
  3. Social Imagination
• Characteristics of ASD

  • Having difficulty understanding others feelings
  • Repeat or echo words or phrases
  • Not play "pretend" games
  • Prefers not to be touched, held, or cuddled
  • Have trouble adapting to new routines
  • Not look at objects when another person points to them
  • Have difficulty relating to others or not have an interest in people
  • Avoid eye contact and prefer to be alone
• Implications for PA of ASD

  • 1:1 Supervision
  • Communication method to allow choice
  • Routines and smooth transitions
  • Modify equipment for success and challenge
  • Use Equipment with sensory input
  • use visual cues, video images and feedback
• What are the two types of DSM-5?

  1. Social Communication
  2. Restricted Behaviours
• DSM-5: 2. Restricted/Repetitive Behaviours

  RRB, interests or activities as manifested by at least two of the following:

  1. Stereotyped or repetitive speech, motor movements, or use of objects
  2. Excess adherence to routines
  3. Highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus
  4. Hyper - or hypo - reactivity to sensory input or unusual sensory interests.
• DSM-5: 1. Social Communication

  Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across contexts, not accounted for by general developmental delays, manifested by all of the following:

  1. Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity
  2. Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviours
  3. Deficits in developing and maintaining relationships appropriate to the developmental level
• Technologies for ASD:

  • Inexpensive method to assist people
  • Have same tools as friends
  • Increased motivation
  • Desire to initiate activities with others
  • Same tool for learning and reinforcement
  • Can teach social skills through animation
  • Touch screens are easier for fine motor skills.