LITPHW080

• Drama is the portrayal of fictional or non-fictional events through the performance of a written dialogue. The creators are known as playwrights.
• Staged art - plays written to be performed before the audience.

  Mimetic art - mimics or represents human life

  Active art - actions portray character.

  Immediate art - occurring in the play's present.
• Theater of Dionysus (550-534 BC) - located at the bottom the acropolis in Athens.
• Drama origin: Ancient Greece (543BC)

  Ancient hymms, known as dithyrambs, were sung in the honor of Dionysus, the God of wine.

  Tyrant Pisistratus ruled the city and established a series of new public festivals. In the City of Dionisia, festivals were held in honor of Dionysus.

  One of the most awarded were the wandering bard Thespis, where they are leaping on the back a wooden cart and reciting poems.
• DIVISIONS OF DRAMA: TRAGEDY, COMEDY, TRAGICOMEDY
• Tragedy - an imitation of an action that is serious, complete in itself, and of certain magnitude
• Comedy - a humorous, entertaining performance with a happy ending.

  • Satiric somedy - exposes human folly, criticizes human conduct, and aims to correct it.
  • Romantic comedy - portrays characters gently, even generously. The humor is more sympathetic than corrective, intends to entertain than to instruct, to delight than to ridicule.
• Tragicomedy - mixed elements of comedy and tragedy.
• Plot - structure of a play's action; the storyline, what happens during the drama

  • Exposition
  • Rising Action
  • Climax
  • Falling Action
  • Resolution
• Characters - players that move the plot forward and are vital centers of the play.
• Theme - the overall meaning of the play.
• Song - traditionally, the song refers to the rhythms of actors' voices as they deliver their lines.
• Dialogue - the word the characters play; the speech of the play, where it is given to two persons and a monologue of only one.
• Soliloquy - speech spoken by a character as if alone.
• Aside - lines spoken by the character to the audience.
• Lighting - is used to draw attention to certain characters of the stage.
• Spectacle - visual elements or technical elements such as body language and facial expressions.
• Theatrical adaptation - a genre where a story from another medium is rewritten to conform t the elements of theater.
• Short story - is a dramatic action creating life with words.

  • Has a simple plot and well defined climax
  • Has one theme
  • Has a few characters
  • Ranges from anecdote to novelette.
  • 300 - 8000; other sources cite 1000 to 2000 words.
• Setting - consists of the time, place and social context of the story.

  • Time - date, year, and season
  • Place - locale; specific to particular house or dwelling
  • Condition - historical period of social milieu
• Character - any person who acts and manifest the qualities bestowed to them by the author.
• CHARACTER

  Direct presentation - author describes what the character looks like.

  Indirect presentation - character is shown by his actions and by how he feels.
• According to role

  Protagonist - major or focal charracter

  Antagonist - the character against whom the protagonist clashes.
• According to trait

  Flat - has one dominant trait throughout the story

  Round - fully developed; displaying complex traits.
• According to ability to change

  Static - did not change or grow in the story

  Dynamic - change or grown in the stort.
• Theme - the central or dominant idea in the story reinforced by the interaction of fictional devices such as characters.
• Plot - series of chronological events arranged by the author to make up the conflict.
• POV - who tells the story; the angle of vision which the reader follows the development of the story

  • omniscient - 'all knowing' most or all character's thoughts, actions, and feelings are revealed
  • objective - 'dramatic' records of gestures leaving us to infer the thoughts behind them
  • editorial - freely exposes character's inner lives.
  • limited omniscient - one of the characters can be identified as a narrator.
  • first-person - uses 'I.' The narrator is a character.
• Conflict

  external - main character is pitted against a human adversary or against society.

  internal - opposing forces are factors contesting in the focal character's being.
• Style - refers to the way writers express themselves. It makes use of diction, syntax, voice and rhythm. It reveals the writer's linguistic choices and is as unique as their personality.
• Symbolism - use of concrete things to represent abstract ideas.
• Irony - a contrast which one term of contrast is in some ways mocking the other term.
• Verbal irony - we understand the opposite of what the speaker says.
• Irony of circumstances - when one event is expected to happen bu the opposite happens.
• Dramatic irony - discrepancy between what the readers know and what the characters know.
• Ironic vision - an overall tone of irony that pervades a work.
• Imagery - concrete representation of a sense impression.

  • tactile - sense of touch
  • gustatory - sense of taste
  • aural - sense of hearing
  • visual - sense of sight
  • olfactory - sense of smell
• Flash fiction - largely fictional work of brevity

  • it should not have more than 50 words.
  • In the Philippines, it has its equivalent, the DAGLI.
  • also know as Smoke-long story in China.
  • It is not detailed , leaving more room for interpretation.
  • origin: fables and parables.
• FAMOUS DAGLI WRITERS: JOSE CORAZON DE JESUS, LOPE K. SANTOS, TEODORO AGONCILLO