Organic chemistry

• Alcohols are organic compounds that contain a hydroxyl (-OH) group.
• Aromatic compounds have benzene rings as their main structural feature.
• Ketones contain a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two non-terminal carbons.
• Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond between two carbons, while alkynes have triple bonds between two carbons.
• The functional groups present in different classes of organic molecules include amines, esters, ethers, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, nitriles, sulfides, phosphates, halogenoalkanes, haloarenes, aromatics, olefins, and alkynes.
• Carboxylic acids can be classified into three types based on the number of carbon atoms they possess.
• Esters are formed by the reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid, resulting in the loss of water.
• The general formula for alcohols is CnH2n+1OH, where n represents the number of carbon atoms.
• Alcohols contain a hydroxyl group (-OH) bonded to a non-terminal carbon in a molecule.
• The number of carbon atoms in an alkane is called the degree of unsaturation.
• Organic compounds can be classified based on the number of carbon atoms they contain, with saturated hydrocarbons having single covalent bonds between all carbon atoms and unsaturated hydrocarbons containing multiple bonds or ring structures.
• Esters are formed by reacting alcohols with carboxylic acids.
• organic compounds are derived from living organisms and organic chemistry is the study of compounds derived from living organisms
• tetravalency is the unique nature of carbon atoms to form single, double or triple covalent bonds with atoms of other elements or another carbon atom to satisfy its valency.
• alkanes have general formula CnH2n+2
• alkynes have general formula CnH2n-2
• alkenes have general formula CnH2n
• Alkynes have general formula CnH2n-2
• alcohols have general formula CnH2nO
• catenation is the self linking property of carbon atoms to form straight branched or cyclic chains through covalent bonds.
• catenation is due to the strong carbon-carbon bond and its tetra-covalency
• the strength of the carbon-hydrogen bond makes it difficult to remove hydrogen from organic compounds, this is called hydrophobicity
• isomers are compounds with same molecular formula but different structural formula
• functional group is an atom or group of atoms arranged in a specific manner that are responsible for the characteristic chemical properties of that organic compound.
• (-OH) is hydroxyl

  (-COH) is aldehyde

  (-COOH) is carboxylic acid.
• Hydrocarbons are organic compounds with only Hydrogen and Carbon atoms.