RESEARCH

• Who researched bodily contact?

  Klaus and Kennell
• Who researched Mimicking?

  Melzoff and Moore
• Who researched Caregiverese?

  Paousek et al
• Who researched Interactional Synchrony ?

  Isabella
• Who researched Reciprocity?

  Feldman
• Who supported Feldman's suggestion about reciprocity?

  Melzoff and Moore
• What did Klaus and Kennell research|?

  Bodily contac
• what did Melzoff and Moore research?

  Mimicking
• What did Paousek et al research?


  caregiverese
• What did Isabella research?

  Interactional synchrony
• What did Feldman research?

  reciprocity
• Describe research around Bodily contact- Klaus and Kennell?


  Compared babies who had several hours of contact with those who only had contact during feeding in the 3 days after birth
• What are Klaus and Kennells findings - bodily contact?

  One month later the mums that had the greater physical contact were more likely to cuddle their babies, maintain better eye contact.

  • Effects noticeable 1 year on therefore suggesting that greater physical contact = stronger attachment bond
• What do Klaus and kennells findings suggest?

  Greater physical contact = stronger attachment bond
• What did Melzoff and Moore research/find - mimicking?

  Found infants aged 2-3 weeks mimicked adults specific facial expressions and hand movements, this was then seen in infants <3 days old
• What do Melzoff and Moore's findings suggest?

  Infant mimicry is an innate biological device to facilitate attachment formation.
• what did Paousek et al research/find - caregiverese?

  Found a tendency to use a rising tone to show it was an infants turn in their interaction was seen across cultures
• What did Paousek et al's findings suggest?

  Caregiver ease is an innate biological device that facilitates attachment formation
• Give a con of the caregiverese findings?

  Caregiverease has been seen to be used by adults to all infants, NOT JUST THOSE THEY HAVE AN ATTACHMENT WITH. This therefore suggests although it aids communication between adults and infants it cannot be claimed to specifically help form attachments
• What did Isabella do - interactional synchrony?


  Observed 3 mother and infant relationships
• What were isabellas findings - interactional synchrony?

  High levels of synchrony between mother and infant were associated with better mother-infant relationship
• What do Isabella's findings therefore suggest?

  Synchrony between mother and child is a feature of attachment formation
• Who did research which disagrees with Isabella's research?

  Le Vine et al
• What did Le Vine et al report- interactional synchrony?


  Reported that Kenyan mothers have little physical contact or interactions with infants however a high proportion of these infants do form secure attachments
• What do Le Vine et al's findings therefore suggest?

  Interactional synchrony is not necessary for attachments to form.
• What does Feldman say- reciprocity?

  Can be seen in interactions from age 3 months
• Who supports Feldman?

  Melzoff and Moore- demonstrated that babies as young as 12-27 days would attempt imitating physical and facial gestures
• What is much more likely led by the adult?

  Interactional synchrony AND reciprocity