loftus and palmer - RAVES

• R

  replicable

  lab location and standardised procedures (video clips, verbs, questions)

  possible to repeat to check for consistent results > would increase external reliability
• A

  Yuille and Cutshall

  EW for real life armed robbery > accurate 4 months after despite 2 pieces of misleading info

  suggests - misleading information doesn't always distort memory> challenges validity of f and c
• A

  Loftus - different study

  ppts watched accident (with no broken headlight) and asked if they saw one, either 'a', or 'the'

  7% - a = saw one

  17% - the = saw one

  supports conclusions that some form new distorted memory from leading post event info
• V

  internal validity

  lab experiment > more control over EVs

  due - controlled environment (crashes, how long they were shown for, verbs) > cause and effect can be established between IV and DV > high internal validity
• V

  artificial - lack ecological / external validity

  research in controlled lab > very different to real life accident > therefore difficult to generalise findings to real life cases

  more emotion around event in real life > memory less affected by language
• V

  sample bias = students

  less experienced drivers >may, more influence by leading questions

  therefore, f may lack pop / ext validity > difficult to generalise to non-students - memory may be more or less affected by leading questions

  EXT -Schacter et al (91)

  elderly - difficulty remembering source of info, even though memory = accurate > more prone to effect of misleading info > less likely distinguish what they saw from info recieved after
• E

  ethical

  clips rather than real accident

  therefore protected from experiencing stress / anxiety
• E

  lack valid consent > didn't reveal true aims

  whilst consented to taking part > not valid

  unethical - may not have wanted to participate if given full details
• S

  legal system - lack of trust in EW

  Greene - mock jury = aware of EW mistakes - more sceptical

  damaging implications as EW = major source of evidence in trial

  if we didn't use them > offender could walk free and pose risk to society
• S

  legal system - interviewing W

  led to significant changes to police interviewing W

  historically - included interrogation and probably leading questions

  l+p's research created 'cognitive interview' - used by police to question W and eliminate leading questions

  +ve implications in changing how W are interviewed by police

  social implications in improving accuracy of WT > may reduce number of wrongful convictions and help place trust back in EWT