6.1.3 Factors affecting rate: temperature, concentration, surface area, catalysts

• What is temperature a measure of?

  How hot or cold something is
• What happens to the reaction rate when temperature increases?

  It leads to more reactions per second
• How does higher temperature affect particle movement?

  Particles move faster and have more kinetic energy
• Why does sugar dissolve faster in hot water than in cold water?

  Hot water gives sugar particles more energy
• What does concentration refer to in a chemical reaction?

  How many particles are in a specific area
• How does increasing concentration affect reaction rate?

  It increases the chances of a reaction happening
• What is the relationship between concentration and reaction rate?

  • Higher concentration leads to faster reaction rates
  • Lower concentration leads to slower reaction rates
• How does adding more baking powder affect cake batter?

  It makes the batter rise faster
• What is surface area in the context of a solid reactant?

  The amount of exposed surface that can react
• How does increasing surface area impact reaction rate?

  It speeds up the reaction
• What is the relationship between surface area and reaction rate?

  • Increased surface area leads to faster reaction rates
  • Decreased surface area leads to slower reaction rates
• Why do sugar cubes dissolve more slowly than granulated sugar in water?

  Cubes have a smaller surface area
• What is a catalyst?

  A substance that speeds up a reaction
• How does a catalyst affect activation energy?

  It lowers the activation energy needed
• What is the effect of a catalyst on the rate of reaction?

  It makes the reaction faster
• What is the relationship between catalysts, activation energy, and reaction rate?

  • With a catalyst: Lower activation energy, faster reaction
  • Without a catalyst: Higher activation energy, slower reaction
• What materials are commonly used as catalysts in catalytic converters?

  Platinum and palladium