Geo agriculture

• Rice:

  • Staple food crop
  • India is the second largest producer of rice in the world after China
  • A kharif crop requiring high temperature (above 25°C), high humidity, and annual rainfall above 100 cm
  • Grown in the plains of north and north-eastern India, coastal areas, and deltaic regions
• Wheat:

  • Second most important cereal crop
  • Main food crop in north and north-western part of the country
  • A rabi crop requiring a cool growing season, 50 to 75 cm of annual rainfall, and bright sunshine at ripening
  • Grown in the Ganga-Satluj plains in the north-west and black soil region of the Deccan
• Millets:

  • Jowar, bajra, and ragi are important millets grown in India
  • Have high nutritional value
• Pulses:

  • India is the largest producer and consumer of pulses in the world
  • Major source of protein in a vegetarian diet
  • Require less moisture and can survive in dry conditions
  • Major producing states are Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, and Karnataka
• Sugarcane:

  • Tropical and subtropical crop
  • Grows well in hot and humid climate with a temperature of 21°C to 27°C and annual rainfall between 75 cm and 100 cm
  • Major producing states are Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Punjab, and Haryana
• Oil Seeds:

  • Cover approximately 12 percent of the total cropped area of the country
  • Used as cooking mediums and raw material in soap, cosmetics, and ointments production
• Tea:

  • Example of plantation agriculture
  • Important beverage crop introduced in India by the British
  • Requires warm and moist frost-free climate with frequent showers throughout the year
  • Major producing states are Assam, hills of Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri districts, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala
• Coffee:

  • Indian coffee known for good quality
  • Cultivation confined to the Nilgiri in Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu
• Horticulture Crops:

  • India produces tropical and temperate fruits
  • Produces about 13 percent of the world's vegetables
• Rubber:

  • Equatorial crop but can also grow in tropical and sub-tropical areas under special conditions
  • Requires moist and humid climate with rainfall over 200 cm and temperature above 25°C
  • Mainly grown in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and Garo hills of Meghalaya
• Cotton:

  • Kharif crop growing well in drier parts of the black cotton soil of the Deccan plateau
  • Requires high temperature, light rainfall or irrigation, 210 frost-free days, and bright sunshine for growth
  • Major producing states are Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh
• Jute:

  • Grows well on well-drained fertile soils in flood plains
  • Major producing states are West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Odisha, and Meghalaya
  • Used in making gunny bags, mats, ropes, yarn, carpets, and other artefacts
• Rice:

  • Staple food crop
  • India is the second largest producer of rice in the world after China
  • A kharif crop requiring high temperature (above 25°C), high humidity, and annual rainfall above 100 cm
  • Grown in the plains of north and north-eastern India, coastal areas, and deltaic regions
• Wheat:

  • Second most important cereal crop
  • Main food crop in north and north-western part of India
  • Rabi crop requiring a cool growing season, 50 to 75 cm of annual rainfall, and bright sunshine at ripening
  • Grown in Ganga-Satluj plains in the north-west and black soil region of the Deccan
• Millets:

  • Jowar, bajra, and ragi are important millets grown in India
  • High nutritional value
• Pulses:

  • India is the largest producer and consumer of pulses in the world
  • Major source of protein in a vegetarian diet
  • Require less moisture and can survive in dry conditions
  • Major producing states: Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, and Karnataka
• Sugarcane:

  • Tropical and subtropical crop
  • Grows well in hot and humid climate with temperature of 21°C to 27°C and annual rainfall between 75 cm and 100 cm
  • Major producing states: Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Punjab, and Haryana
• Oil Seeds:

  • Cover approximately 12% of the total cropped area in India
  • Used as cooking mediums and raw material for soap, cosmetics, and ointments
• Tea:

  • Example of plantation agriculture
  • Important beverage crop introduced in India by the British
  • Requires warm, moist, frost-free climate with frequent showers throughout the year
  • Major producing states: Assam, Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri districts in West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala
• Coffee:

  • Indian coffee known for good quality
  • Cultivation confined to Nilgiri in Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu
• Horticulture Crops:

  • India produces tropical and temperate fruits
  • Produces about 13% of the world's vegetables
• Rubber:

  • Equatorial crop, also grown in tropical and sub-tropical areas under special conditions
  • Requires moist and humid climate with rainfall over 200 cm and temperature above 25°C
  • Mainly grown in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andaman and Nicobar islands, and Garo hills of Meghalaya
• Fibre Crops:

  • Cotton, jute, hemp, and natural silk are major fibre crops in India
  • Sericulture is the rearing of silk worms for silk fibre production
• Cotton:

  • Kharif crop growing well in drier parts of black cotton soil in the Deccan plateau
  • Requires high temperature, light rainfall or irrigation, 210 frost-free days, and bright sunshine for growth
  • Major producing states: Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh
• Jute:

  • Grows well on well-drained fertile soils in flood plains
  • Major producing states: West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Odisha, and Meghalaya
  • Used in making gunny bags, mats, ropes, yarn, carpets, and other artefacts