unit siete :000

• Binomial Nomenclature


  This is a two-part naming system that gives every organism a unique genus and species to give insight into further characteristics that these organisms have.
• Taxonomic Classification


  Classification System works from top to bottom to most general to most inclusive
• Phylogenetic Trees are only hypothesized, Why?

  They have been tested multiple times, and they represent the best model of the connection between organisms based solely on preexisting data
• Sister groups


  Groups that are most commonly related to each other.
• Taxonomy


  Branch of science that studies species classification and systematics
• Taxa


  Individual species, domains at the ends of a tree
• How does a scientist observe evolution in a pattern?

  Phylogenetic Trees
• Phylogeny


  A evolutionary history showing comparisons of a group of organisms and how much relation they have to each other.
• Exotic


  Species that is not native to an area and does not cause any disruptions to the ecosystem
• Native


  originates from a specific area
• What are invasive species

  Invasive Species are species introduced into an environment that causes ecological, environment, and economical harm
• Endemic Species


  Organisms who are found in one place and no where else
• Biogeography


  is the study of the distribution of species on the Earth

  Biogeography provides information about the evolutionary history of organisms, specifically where they originally and how they were able to disperse.
• Isotope


  Element with different number of neutrons
• How do scientists date fossils?

  Scientist date fossils by using radiometric dating methods.1 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTION
• Dating fossils


  the scientific process of performing different procedures to determined the age of a rock or fossil
• Fossils


  provide direct evidence of past life
• What is a vestigal structure

  Vestigial structures that are anatomical features or behaviors that are no longer seems to have a purpose in the current form of an organism1 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTION
• Anatomical traits part 1


  characteristics relating to the structure of the bodies of people and animals.
• The Hardy-Weinberg equation. What does each variable mean?

  P^2 =(HH) frequency of homozygous dominant genotype

  2pq =(Hh) frequency of heterozygous genotype

  q^2 =(hh) frequency of homozygous recessive genotype
• What is the purpose of the Hardy-Weinberg equation Equation?

  By determining whether evolution is occurring in a population.
• The five conditions of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are that

  Population experiences no selection

  No chance events due to small population size

  No migration

  No mutation

  Random Mating.1 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTION
• Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

  Where the allele and genotype frequencies do not change overtime implying the absence of evolution
• NonRandom Mating


  Nonrandom mating occurs when individuals choose mates based on their genotypes.1 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTION
• Mutation


  Mutation is the ultimate source of variation, but it also can change allele frequencies on its own.
• Migration


  Migration involves the movement of individuals and alleles between populations and tends to have a homogenizing effect among the populations.
• founder effect


  A type of genetic drift that occurs when only a few individuals establish a new population
• bottleneck


  When a large population experiences as a large reduction in population, that may result in a loss of genetic diversity and in the process genetic drift.
• Two types of genetic drifts


  Bottleneck

  Founder Effect
• Genetic Drift


  a random change in allele frequency change
• Natural Selection (hardy Weinberg)


  Natural Selection leads to a decrease in frequency of a harmful allele and an increase in frequency of a beneficial allele
• There are five mechanisms of evolution

  Natural selection (ONLY MECHANISM THAT LEADS TO ADAPTATIONS)

  Genettic Drift

  Migration

  Mutation

  Nonrandom Mating
• examples of germ-line mutations

  sperm, Egg, Sickle Cell Anemia
• Germ-Line Mutations


  Mutations that occur in reproductive cells
• Somatic Mutations


  A mutation that occurs in the cell tissue and is absent drom reproductive cells
• Mutation


  A heritable change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA
• Characteristics


  This is what differentiates all organisms from each other based on their inside makeups
• Genotype


  the genetic makeup of a cell/organism
• examples of phenotypes


  height, weight, eye color, skin color, hair color, hair texture
• examples of hidden phenotypes

  Colorblindness, lactose intolerance