APWH

    Subdecks (5)

    Cards (386)

    • Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864):
      • Major Chinese rebellion caused by widespread discontent with the Qing Dynasty's rule, social, economic, and religious factors
      • Led by Hong Xiuquan who claimed to be the younger brother of Jesus and aimed to create a perfect society based on his understanding of Christianity
      • Gained support from lower classes unhappy with the government
      • Led to a long and destructive civil war, highlighting the weakness of the dynasty
    • Opium Wars:
      • Two conflicts between western powers and China due to China's attempts to control the importing of foreign goods, mainly opium
      • Commissioner Lin Zexu played a significant role in ending the opium trade, leading to the wars
      • First Opium War resulted in the Treaty of Nanking where the British punished China for holding their soldiers and property hostage
      • Second Opium War further humiliated China
      • Transition from "Middle Kingdom" to "informal empire" resulted in loss of sovereignty and power
    • Boxer Rebellion (1898-1901):
      • Violent movement in northern China against foreigners and Chinese Christians
      • Led by groups like the Boxers or the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists
      • Resulted in military intervention by Western powers and Japan, leading to heavy penalties on China
    • Self-strengthening in China:
      • Movement focused on internal reform applying Confucian principles and limited borrowing from the West
      • Aimed to enhance China's military and industrialization while preserving Confucian values
      • Response to internal and external challenges against China
    • Meiji Restoration in Japan:
      • Civil war leading to legal reforms and industrialization
      • Dramatic change dismantling the old social order
      • Selective borrowing from the West, including a constitution from Germany
      • State-guided industrialization and promotion of large-scale industry
      • Improved possibilities for women but no political rights granted
    • Anglo-Japanese Treaty, 1902:
      • Signified Japan becoming a global superpower
      • Military victories and empire building showcasing modern military power
      • Admiration from the colonial world as a symbol of standing up to the West
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