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OBGYN
Physiology
Lactation
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Cards (10)
Areola contains high levels of
melanocytes
and glands called
Montgomery
glands which secrete oily lubricant
Lobules are composed of
alveoli
which produce milk from
alveolar
cells.
Myoepithelial
cells surrounded these and push milk into
ducts
during feeding
Oestrogen
= increasing proliferation of alveolar and ductal cells
Progesterone
= driving differentiation of cells into alveolar cells
Inhibition of prolactin is controlled by
hypothalamus
Rising
oestrogen
and
progesterone
inhibit dopamine and allow
prolactin
to rise, but milk is not produced until after delivery
Mechanosensitive signals from nipple travel to
hypothalamus
and inhibit
dopamine
, increasing
prolactin
and promoting
oxytocin
Oxytocin
travels to breast and increases contraction of myoepithelial cells to push milk into ducts
Breast milk contains insoluble
oligosaccharides
which are metabolised by the
microbiome
Lactational amenorrhoea is directly related to frequency of
suckling
and is from altered
GnRH
and a lack of pre-ovulatory
LH
surge
C-sections do not give the same
oxytocin
rise as
vaginal
birth so are less likely to breast feed
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