pysical science

• Energy from the sun reaches Earth through electromagnetic radiation, which includes visible light, ultraviolet rays, and infrared waves.
• Energy is converted from one form to another but the total amount of energy remains the same.
• There are three types of energy transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation.
• Visible light is what we see with our eyes, while ultraviolet (UV) rays are invisible but can cause skin damage and cancer if exposed to too much.
• Energy can be transferred from one place to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
• The total energy of an isolated system remains constant according to the first law of thermodynamics.
• The sun is the source of energy that drives all life on earth.
• Biological science pertains to the study of life
• Physical science is also known as natural science
• Chemistry and physics are the two major branches of physical science
• Chemistry topics include:

  • Origin of elements
  • Periodic table of elements
  • Properties and characteristics of elements
  • Chemical substances and their properties
  • Classifications of matter (pure substances and mixtures)
  • Naming of chemical compounds and their formulas
  • Chemical reactions and balancing
• Physics topics include:

  • Motion, specifically linear motion
  • Concepts of force (contact force, non-contact force, gravitational force)
  • Work
  • Energy
• The origin of elements began with the Big Bang, where a single small particle exploded, releasing high energy and temperature

  • The expansion of the universe is known as cosmic inflation
  • Nucleosynthesis is the process of creating new atomic nuclei from pre-existing nucleons (protons and neutrons)
  • Hydrogen was the first element formed in the universe, composed of a proton and a neutron
  • Deuterium and tritium are isotopes of hydrogen with different numbers of neutrons
• Physical science includes two major branches: physical science and biological science
• Biological science pertains to the study of life
• Physical science is also known as natural science
• Chemistry and physics are the main topics for this semester
• Chemistry will cover the origin of elements, periodic table of elements, properties of elements, chemical substances, matter classifications, chemical compounds, chemical formulas, chemical reactions, and balancing
• Physics will cover topics such as motion, linear motion, force (contact, non-contact, gravitational), work, and energy
• The origin of elements began with the Big Bang, where a single small particle exploded, releasing high energy and high temperature, leading to the formation of the universe
• During the Big Bang, nucleons (protons and neutrons) collided, forming the first element in the universe, hydrogen
• Hydrogen is composed of one proton and one neutron, while deuterium (a hydrogen isotope) has one proton and one neutron, and tritium (another hydrogen isotope) has one proton and two neutrons
• Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons