imaging

• What is the main purpose of veterinary imaging modalities?

  To understand and use key imaging techniques
• What should be recognized in veterinary imaging?

  Key imaging equipment
• What is a key consideration for equipment use in veterinary imaging?

  Work health and safety considerations
• What are the imaging modalities that use ionising radiation?

  • Radiography
  • Fluoroscopy
  • Computed Tomography (CT)
  • Scintigraphy
• How does ionising radiation damage cells?

  It causes ionisation in atoms, creating free radicals
• What are the three possible interactions of x-rays with a patient?

  Pass through, absorbed, or scattered
• What determines the appearance of an x-ray image?

  The amount of x-rays absorbed by different tissues
• What does radiopaque mean?

  It appears white on an x-ray
• What are the five radiographic opacities?

  Gas, fat, soft tissue, mineral, metal
• Why are contrast agents used in radiography?

  To enhance visibility of organs using extreme opacities
• Why are two orthogonal views required for radiography?

  To obtain a complete 2D representation
• How are images formed in radiography?

  X-rays pass through the patient to a detector
• What is fluoroscopy?

  An x-ray movie with real-time imaging
• What is the main use of fluoroscopy in veterinary practice?

  To evaluate dynamic processes in real-time
• What is the main advantage of cross-sectional imaging?

  It simplifies complicated anatomy
• How is a CT image formed?

  X-ray tube rotates around the patient
• What is the difference between voxels and pixels in imaging?

  Voxels are 3D, pixels are 2D
• What is the purpose of different 'windows' in CT imaging?

  To enhance visibility of different tissues
• What is the main use of MRI in veterinary practice?

  Imaging the brain and spinal cord
• How is an MRI image formed?

  By mapping electrical signals from hydrogen atoms
• What is the significance of hydrogen atoms in MRI?

  They are abundant in fat and water
• What is the difference between high and low field MRI machines?

  High field has better image quality
• What is the main safety concern with MRI machines?

  Ferromagnetic objects can become projectiles
• What is scintigraphy used for in veterinary practice?

  To assess physiological processes in the body
• What is the main safety consideration for scintigraphy?

  It uses gamma-rays which are ionising radiation
• What are the uses of scintigraphy in veterinary practice?

  • Bone disease detection
  • Kidney function assessment
  • Portosystemic shunt detection
  • Thyroid function evaluation
  • Liver function assessment
  • Cardiac function evaluation
  • Pulmonary thromboembolus detection
• Compare the advantages and disadvantages of CT and MRI.

  Advantages of CT:

  • Quick imaging
  • Good for all areas except brain

  
  

  Disadvantages of CT:

  • Emits ionising radiation
  • Less effective for soft tissues

  
  

  Advantages of MRI:

  • Excellent for brain and spine
  • No ionising radiation

  
  

  Disadvantages of MRI:

  • Expensive
  • Longer scan times
• Compare the advantages and disadvantages of various imaging modalities.

  Radiography:

  • Advantages: Widely available, quick
  • Disadvantages: Ionising radiation, limited soft tissue detail

  
  

  Fluoroscopy:

  • Advantages: Real-time imaging
  • Disadvantages: Continuous radiation exposure

  
  

  Ultrasound:

  • Advantages: Safe, no ionising radiation
  • Disadvantages: Limited depth of imaging

  
  

  CT:

  • Advantages: Quick, good for many areas
  • Disadvantages: Ionising radiation

  
  

  MRI:

  • Advantages: Excellent soft tissue detail
  • Disadvantages: Expensive, longer scan times

  
  

  Scintigraphy:

  • Advantages: Functional imaging
  • Disadvantages: Limited availability
• What are the types of ultrasound transducers and their uses?

  • Linear transducers: For superficial structures (e.g., tendons)
  • Curvilinear transducers: For abdominal imaging
  • Phased array transducers: For echocardiography (heart imaging)