Meiosis

• During meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through crossing over to increase genetic diversity.
• Homologous chromosomes are two copies of the same chromosome that carry different alleles.
• The homologous chromosomes pair up during meiosis I.
• Telophase I is the stage where the chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the cell and cytokinesis occurs, resulting in two haploid daughter cells.
• Metaphase I is the stage where homologous chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell.
• Crossing over is the process by which homologous chromosomes exchange segments during prophase I of meiosis.
• Meiosis is the process by which gametes are produced from diploid cells.
• The first division of meiosis produces two daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes (haploid) compared to the parent cell.
• In the second division of meiosis, sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes, resulting in four haploid daughter cells.
• Meiosis produces four genetically diverse haploid cells called gametes (eggs or sperm).
• Crossing-over occurs when non-identical sections of DNA from one chromatid swap with corresponding sections on another chromatid.