isomers

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the gizzler

Cards (15)

isomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula but atoms are arranged differently / different structures
what are the two types of isomers?
structural isomers and stereoisomers
what are the three types of structural isomers?
positional isomerism, functional group isomerism, chain isomerism
what are the two types of stereoisomerism?
E-Z isomerism and optical isomerism
optical isomers occur when four different atom groups are attached to a carbon which is called an asymetrical carbon or chiral
two compounds that are optical isomers of each other are called enantiomers, they are not superimpossable as they produce mirror images
a mixture containing 50/50 mixture of two isomers is described as a racemic mixture or racemate
optical isomers have similiar physical and chemical properties but they rotate plane polarised light in different directions
one enantiomer rotates it one direction and the other enantiomer rotates it the same amount but in the opposite direction
what is chain iosmerism ?
same molecular structure but different structure/skeletal form so can be branched
what is positional isomerism?
same molecular structure but different position of same functional group
what is functional group isomerism?
same molecular structure but atoms arrange to give different functional groups
alkanes and cycloalkanes
have the same molecular structure but different functional groups
what is stereoisomerism?
when they have the same structural formula but different spatial arrangements
what is the effect on EZ isomerism on physical properties?
if the priority groups on one side are both more partially negative, then the molecule is polar therefore experiences vander waal as well as permanent dipole-dipole forces and has a high melting or boiling point
what are the CIP rules?
the atom or group with the highest Ar/Mr of each side of the carbon are given the highest priority group, if the highest priority groups of each carbon are on the same side, it is Z isomerism