Mitosis

• Cell Division: process by which cells reproduce.
• Chromosomes: cell parts that determine what traits a living thing will have.
• Chromatid: one strand of DNA; after replication, a chromosome is made up of two identical chromatids.
• Daughter Cells: new cells produced by cell division.
• Cytokinesis: a division of the cytoplasm of one parent cell into two daughter cells.
• Mitosis is asexual reproduction for eukaryotic cells only.
• Mitosis creates identical daughter cells.
• Mitosis is great for growth and repair.
• Diploid: cells have two copies of each chromosome. (one from mom, and one from dad).
• All body cells are somatic/diploid.
• Homologous: chromosomes within the same genes, one originally from each of the organisms parents.
• Genes: determine traits.
• Codes are based on the same thing. e.g. eyes & hair.
• A cell contains 4 chromosomes, two from mom and two from dad.
• Interphase step that contains 4 chromosomes and 8 chromatids.

  
• The first phase in mitosis is the prophase.
• Prophase picture.

  
• During prophase, the nuclear membrane disintegrates.
• During prophase, centrioles form spindles.
• During prophase, chromatins turn into chromosomes.
• The second phase in mitosis is the metaphase.
• In the metaphase, chromosomes line up down the middle and the spindles attach to the centromeres.
• Metaphase picture.

  
• The third stage in mitosis is anaphase.
• During anaphase, chromosomes are pulled away to the end by the spindles.
• During anaphase, there are 8 chromosomes and 8 chromatids.
• Anaphase picture.

  
• Telophase is the last phase of mitosis.
• During telophase, the nuclear membrane reforms. Chromosomes start to unravel and the cell indents as it begins to divide into two daughter cells.
• Telophase picture.

  
• During cytokinesis, the cell splits into two daughter cells.
• Cytokinesis picture.

  
• At the end of mitosis, we have two daughter cells which are identical to each other and the parent cell, and a diploid.
• Mitosis is different in plant cells because instead of the cell membrane pinching, a cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.
• Stages of Mitosis are Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase. (PMAT).
• During prophase, chromosomes first become visible.
• In multicellular organisms, the cell cycle produces groups of cell which perform the same function, they are called tissues.
• Division of the cytoplasm is called cytokinesis.
• Cell growth occurs during interphase.
• Nuclear division occurs in mitosis.