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Biology Honors
Cell Growth, Division and Reproduction
Mitosis
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Cell Division
: process by which cells reproduce.
Chromosomes
: cell parts that determine what traits a living thing will have.
Chromatid
: one strand of DNA; after replication, a
chromosome
is made up of two identical chromatids.
Daughter Cells
: new cells produced by cell division.
Cytokinesis
: a division of the cytoplasm of one parent cell into two daughter cells.
Mitosis is
asexual
reproduction for
eukaryotic
cells only.
Mitosis creates
identical
daughter cells.
Mitosis is great for
growth
and
repair.
Diploid
: cells have two copies of each chromosome. (one from mom, and one from dad).
All body cells are
somatic
/
diploid.
Homologous
: chromosomes within the same genes, one originally from each of the organisms parents.
Genes
: determine traits.
Codes
are based on the same thing. e.g. eyes & hair.
A cell contains
4
chromosomes,
two
from mom and
two
from dad.
Interphase step that contains 4
chromosomes
and 8
chromatids.
The first phase in mitosis is the
prophase
.
Prophase
picture.
During prophase, the nuclear membrane
disintegrates.
During prophase, centrioles form
spindles.
During prophase, chromatins turn into
chromosomes.
The second phase in mitosis is the
metaphase.
In the metaphase,
chromosomes
line up down the middle and the
spindles
attach to the
centromeres.
Metaphase
picture.
The third stage in mitosis is
anaphase.
During anaphase, chromosomes are pulled
away
to the end by the
spindles.
During anaphase, there are 8
chromosomes
and 8
chromatids.
Anaphase
picture.
Telophase
is the last phase of mitosis.
During telophase, the
nuclear
membrane
reforms.
Chromosomes
start to unravel and the cell
indents
as it begins to divide into
two
daughter cells.
Telophase
picture.
During
cytokinesis
, the cell splits into two daughter cells.
Cytokinesis
picture.
At the end of mitosis, we have
two
daughter
cells
which are
identical
to each other and the
parent
cell, and a
diploid.
Mitosis is different in plant cells because instead of the cell membrane
pinching
, a
cell
wall
forms between the
two
daughter
cells.
Stages of Mitosis are
Prophase
,
Metaphase
,
Anaphase
, and
Telophase.
(
PMAT
).
During
prophase
, chromosomes first become visible.
In multicellular organisms, the cell cycle produces groups of cell which perform the same function, they are called
tissues.
Division of the cytoplasm is called
cytokinesis.
Cell growth occurs during
interphase.
Nuclear division occurs in
mitosis.
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