Toxic effects

    Cards (24)

    • What are toxic effects?
      When a drug builds up to dangerous levels
    • What causes toxic effects?
      Overdose or drug accumulation from repeated doses
    • How are toxic effects different from other ADRs?
      Toxic effects are predictable and dose-dependent
    • How do toxic effects compare to other types of ADRs?
      • Toxic effects: predictable, dose-dependent
      • Allergic reactions: unpredictable, not dose-dependent
      • Side effects: predictable, often dose-dependent
      • Idiosyncrasy: unpredictable, not dose-dependent
    • What is a common cause of toxic effects?
      Overdose of a drug
    • What happens during drug accumulation?
      Drugs build up from taking doses too frequently
    • What is the outcome of regularly exceeding the paracetamol dose?
      Gradual liver damage occurs
    • What are the main mechanisms of toxic effects?
      1. Cellular damage: Direct injury to cells
      2. Disruption of cellular processes: Interfering with essential functions
      3. Formation of toxic metabolites: Conversion into harmful substances
    • What can happen if someone takes 8 paracetamol tablets at once?
      It can cause liver damage
    • How does cyanide affect cellular processes?
      It blocks cellular respiration
    • What happens when methanol is metabolized?
      It converts into formic acid
    • What are the symptoms of toxic effects?
      • Bloody diarrhea
      • Vomiting
      • Fever
      • Dehydration
      • Diarrhea lasting over 3 days
    • Why are symptoms of toxic effects predictable?
      They are based on toxic build-up in the system
    • How does experiencing multiple symptoms affect toxicity?
      It increases the likelihood of severe toxicity
    • What are strategies to prevent toxic effects?
      • Follow prescribed doses
      • Store medicines safely
      • Review medications regularly
      • Be aware of interactions
    • What should you do to follow prescribed doses?
      Take the amount your doctor tells you
    • Why is it important to store medicines safely?
      To keep them out of reach of children and pets
    • How can you avoid medication conflicts?
      Review your medications regularly with a doctor
    • What should you be aware of regarding interactions?
      Know which substances can interact with medications
    • What are the five signs of severe food poisoning shown in the image?
      Bloody diarrhea, fever higher than 102°F, vomiting so often you can't keep liquids down, dehydration, and diarrhea for more than 3 days
    • What are the five signs of severe food poisoning?
      • Bloody diarrhea
      • Fever higher than 102°F
      • Vomiting so often you can't keep liquids down
      • Dehydration
      • Diarrhea for more than 3 days
    • Why is it important to see a doctor if you have any of these symptoms?
      • Severe food poisoning can lead to serious complications if not treated properly
      • A doctor can provide appropriate treatment and prevent dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and other issues
      • Seeking medical attention early is crucial for recovery and preventing the condition from worsening
    • How can you prevent severe food poisoning?
      • Practice good food safety (proper cooking, storage, and handling)
      • Avoid high-risk foods like raw or undercooked meat, eggs, and seafood
      • Wash hands thoroughly before preparing and eating food
      • Disinfect kitchen surfaces and utensils regularly
    • What are the potential long-term consequences of severe food poisoning if left untreated?
      • Dehydration and electrolyte imbalances that can lead to organ damage
      • Chronic digestive issues like irritable bowel syndrome
      • Reactive arthritis or other autoimmune conditions
      • Increased risk of developing Guillain-Barré syndrome
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