week1

• Communicative competence - The ability to communicate effectively and appropriately in a given context
• Intercultural awareness - Understanding and appreciating different cultures and their communication styles.
• Encoding - Putting a message into a form that can be understood by the receiver.
• Decoding - Interpreting or understanding a message received from the sender.
• Feedback - The response or reaction of the receiver to the message sent by the sender.
• Sender - The person who initiates and transmits the message.
• Message/Information - The content or information being conveyed by the sender.
• Channel - The mode or method through which the message is transmitted.
• Receiver/Decoder/Recipient/Audience - The person or group for whom the message is intended.
• Context - The circumstances or environment in which the communication takes place.
• Process of Communication - The steps involved in the transmission and understanding of a message.
• Communication Barriers -Obstacles or challenges that impede effective communication.
• Verbal communication - Communication through spoken language, words, and language.
• Nonverbal communication - Communication through actions, gestures, and symbols that have socially shared meaning.
• Physical barriers - Obstacles such as closed doors, walls, or distance that hinder effective communication.
• Perceptual barriers - Internal barriers that arise from preconceived notions or biases about the other person's understanding or interest.
• Emotional barriers - Barriers that result from fear or hesitation to express oneself due to potential negative consequences.
• Cultural barriers - Barriers that arise from differences in cultural backgrounds, societal norms, or work cultures that hinder effective communication.
• Language barriers - Barriers that arise from differences in language, including jargon or technical language that may be unfamiliar to others.
• Gender barriers - Barriers that arise from differences in how men and women form their thoughts and communicate.
• Interpersonal barriers - Barriers that prevent individuals from reaching out and opening themselves up to others, hindering effective communication.
• Ethnocentrism - The belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic or cultural group, which can hinder effective international communication.
• Stereotypes and prejudices - hinder international communication by fostering biases and discrimination against cultural groups. This can lead to rejection and avoidance of the discriminated group in cross-cultural interactions.
• Assume similarities - Assuming that others have similar beliefs, values, or experiences, which can lead to misunderstandings in communication.
• Anxiety - Feelings of unease or nervousness that can hinder effective communication.
• Prejudice - Negative attitude and feeling toward an individual

  based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group,

  such as gender, race, ethnicity, nationality, social class, religion,

  sexual orientation, profession, and etc.
• Stereotypes - are often generalized traits assigned to a group of

  people. Stereotypes can be based on race, ethnicity, age, gender,

  sexual orientation almost any characteristic.