5.4

• How did the community in Bethnal Green function in the 1950s?

  Most people lived near relatives, worked together in the same local factories, and shopped locally, creating a tightly-knit industrial community.
• What term do geographers use for factors that hold communities together?

  These are called centripetal forces.
• What has happened to tightly-knit communities like Bethnal Green since the 1950s?

  Many have disappeared due to external factors such as globalisation, employment changes, and inward migration.
• How has globalisation changed places like East London?

  It led to cheaper imported goods, factory closures, and the decline of the docks, forcing out-migration and changing the local population.
• How is Bethnal Green's population different today compared to the 1950s?

  It is now mainly made up of professionals working in London's knowledge economy who often lack strong local connections
• How has employment change affected East London?

  The shift to high-income professional jobs has driven regeneration and re-urbanisation, displacing long-term residents due to rising housing costs.
• What negative effect can regeneration have on local populations?

  It can force long-standing residents to move away when they can no longer afford to live in redeveloped areas.
• How has inward migration shaped places like Brick Lane?

  It has added new cultural identities, with Brick Lane now home to a large Bangladeshi community, following earlier waves of Jewish migrants.
• What are the two main types of data used to investigate place change?

  Quantitative data (numerical) and qualitative data (descriptive), both of which can be primary or secondary.
• What is an Environmental Quality Survey (EQS)?

  It gives a numerical score for indicators like air and noise quality to assess the environment and quality of life in an area.