Properties of liquid

• Surface tension is the tendency of the surface of a liquid to behave like a stretched elastic membrane
• Drops of liquid tend to take a spherical shape in order to minimize surface area
• Surface tension leads to intermolecular forces between two different types of molecules at the interface between two substances
• Surface tension also leads to intermolecular forces between molecules on the surface of a substance
• Capillary action is the rising of a liquid through a capillary due to the overwhelming adhesive forces over the cohesive forces
• Viscosity is the resistance of a liquid to flow
• Viscosity generally decreases as the temperature increases
• Viscosity generally increases as the temperature decreases
• The viscosity of a liquid depends on the strength of attractive forces between molecules and the kinetic energy of the molecules
• Vapor pressure is the equilibrium pressure of a vapor above its liquid (or solid)
• The vapor pressure of a liquid varies with its temperature
• Types of molecules and temperature affect the vapor pressure of a liquid
• Molar heat of vaporization is the heat absorbed by one mole of a substance as it is converted from a liquid to a gas
• The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to the pressure of the gas above it
• The normal boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to one atmosphere
• As a liquid is heated, its vapor pressure increases until it equals the pressure of the gas above it
• Bubbles of vaporized liquid form within the bulk liquid and then rise to the surface where they burst and release the gas
• The temperature of a boiling liquid remains constant, even when more heat is added
• Boiling points increase with increasing molecular mass because there are more intermolecular forces to overcome, so it takes longer for them to evaporate
• The boiling point is the temperature at which the vapour pressure equals atmospheric pressure.
• A higher boiling point means that the substance has stronger intermolecular forces between molecules
• Increasing the size of the particles will also make it harder for them to escape as they have further to travel through the liquid phase.
• Liquids have high cohesion (stronger intermolecular forces) than gases
• Adhesive forces hold unlike-minded particles together in liquids
• Cohesive forces hold together like-minded particles in liquids
• When a solid melts, its volume increases slightly due to the increased space taken up by the atoms or molecules.
• Surface area increases as volume decreases
• Surface tension is caused by cohesive forces acting on the surface of a liquid
• Adhesive forces can be used to separate liquids from surfaces by using solvents or detergents
• Surface tension is the tendency of the surface of a liquid to resist external force due to the cohesive nature of its molecules
• It's caused by the attraction between the molecules in the liquid
• Inside a liquid, Molecule I is under attractive forces or pulled equally in all directions by surrounding molecules, so the total force on it is balanced
• Molecule S at the surface of a liquid is acted by a net inward cohesive force that is perpendicular to the surface
• Surface tension causes the surface of a liquid to behave like a stretched elastic membrane
• Drops of liquid tend to take a spherical shape in order to minimize surface area due to surface tension
• Surface tension causes an increase of internal pressure in small droplets to balance the surface force
• Cohesive forces are the forces of attraction between molecules of the same substance
• Cohesive forces hold similar molecules together
• Adhesive forces are the forces of attraction between molecules of different substances
• Adhesive forces attract different molecules to each other