MEDTERM CHAPTER 4

• Chemicals form the materials that make up cells, which are the body's structural and functional units
• Group of cells working together make up tissues
• Group of tissue with the same function are called organs.
• Organs become components of the various systems, which together comprise are called organism
• Plasma membrane is the outer layer of the cell, composed mainly of lipids and proteins
• Plasma membrane function is to encloses the cell contents; regulates what enters and leaves the cell; participates in many activities, such as growth, reproduction, and interactions between cells
• Microvilli is the short extensions of the cell membrane
• Microvilli's function is to absorb materials into the cell
• Nucleus is a large, dark-staining organelle near the center of the cell, composed of DNA and proteins
• Nucleus contains the chromosomes, the hereditary units that direct all cellular activities
• Nucleolus is a small body in the nucleu; composed of RNA, DNA, and protein
• Nucleolus is the one that makes the ribosomes
• Cytoplasm is a colloidal suspension that fills in the cell from the nuclear membrane to the plasma membrane
• The function of cytoplasm is a site of many cellular activities. It also consists of cytosol and organelles.
• Cytosol is the fluid portion of the cytoplasm
• The function of cytosol is to surrounds the organelles
• The endoplasmic reticulum is the network of membranes within the cytoplasm.
• Rough ER has ribosomes attached to it and is where proteins are synthesized
• Smooth ER does not have ribosomes.
• Rough ER sorts proteins and forms them into more complex compounds
• Smooth ER is involved with lipid synthesis
• Ribosomes is a small bodies free in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER; composed of RNA and protein
• Ribosomes is the one that manufacture proteins
• Mitochondria is a large organelles with folded membranes inside
• Mitochondria is the one that convert energy from nutrients into ATP
• Golgi Apparatus is the layers of membranes
• Golgi Apparatus makes compounds containing proteins, sorts and prepares these compounds for transport to other parts of the cell or out of the cell
• Lysosomes is a small sacs of digestive enzymes
• Peroxisomes is a membrane-enclosed organelles containing enzymes
• Peroxisomes breaks down harmful substances
• Vesicles is a small membrane-bound sacs in the cytoplasm
• Vesicles store materials and move materials into or out of the cell in bulk
• Centrioles is a rod-shaped bodies (usually two) near the nucleus
• Centrioles help separate the chromosomes during cell division
• Cilia is a short, hair-like projections from the cell
• Cilia move the fluids around the cell
• Flagellum is a long, whip-like extension from the cell
• Flagellum moves the cell
• Surface projections is a structures that extend from the cell
• Surface projections moves the cell or the fluids arounf the cell