Biology Vocab

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Cards (60)

  • Fick's Law
    Relationship between the different variables that affect diffusion: Rate of diffusion = (surface area x concentration difference) / thickness of membrane
  • Nephron
    Long tubules in the kidney where filtration occurs and reabsorption of useful substances
  • Vasodilation
    The widening of blood vessels leading to the skin surface increasing blood flow into the surface capillaries
  • Stomata
    Small gaps in the leaves that allow gas exchange (of oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapour) to occur in and out of the plant
  • Progesterone
    Hormone, released by the ovaries and maintains the lining of the uterus
  • Type 2 diabetes
    A condition caused by high blood sugar levels as the body cells no longer respond to insulin or too little insulin is produced
  • Cardiac output
    The volume of blood pumped by the heart in one minute
  • Phagocyte
    Non-specific white blood cells which engulf and digest pathogens
  • BMI
    Body mass index, calculated as mass (in kg) divided by the square of their height (in m)
  • Homeostasis
    The maintenance of a constant internal environment of the body at stable levels
  • Mutation
    A change in the base sequence of DNA
  • Genotype
    The alleles an individual has for a specific gene
  • Diploid
    Nucleus containing two sets of chromosomes
  • Mitosis
    process of cell division which results in two genetically identical diploid daughter cells
  • Micrometer
    Unit of length, there are 1000 micrometers in 1 millimetre. The unit is μm
  • ciliated epithelial cell

    Specialised cell with cilia (hair like structures) that move and sweep substances like mucus along, they are found lining the airways and reproductive tracts
  • Osmosis
    The diffuse of water from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration across a partially permeable membrane
  • Cerebellum
    Part of the brain which controls balance, coordination of movement and muscular activity
  • short-sighted
    A condition where the lens is too curved so it refracts light too much and the light rays focus in front of the retina
  • Urea
    Molecule produced in the liver from the break down of excess amino acids and is excreted in urine
  • DNA nucleotide
    a molecule consisting of a phosphate group and a sugar with one of 4 bases attached (A, T, C or G)
  • Asexual Reproduction
    Type of reproduction that involves one parent and produces genetically identical offspring
  • Pathogen
    Organisms that cause disease
  • Antibiotics
    Medication that inhibits the processes in bacteria so that they are killed
  • Enzyme
    Biological catalyst molecule that speeds up a reaction and is produced by a living organism
  • motor neurone
    cell that carries electrical impulses from relay neurones in the CNS to an effector to bring about a response
  • Phenotype
    The visible characteristics of a gene displayed as a result of the interaction between genotype and environment
  • anaerobic respiration
    reaction that releases a small amount of energy from glucose and does not involve oxygen, it produces lactic acid in humans
  • Diffusion
    movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
  • FSH
    hormone released from the pituitary gland which causes an egg to mature in the ovary