8.2 Green Crime

• What are 2 criticisms of green criminology?

  Hard to clearly define boundaries of the field of study

  Defining boundaries may be a matter of ethics and morals so can't be establised objectively
• What are 2 other examples of secondary green crime?

  Hazardous waste

  Organised crime
• Environmental discrimination (secondary)

  Poorer groups are worse affected by pollution
• Secondary Green Crimes

  Crime that grows out of the flouting of rules aimed at regulating environmental disasters
• What are 3 other examples of primary green crime?

  Deforestation

  Animal poaching

  Water pollution
• What did Walters say about air pollution (primary)


  Twice as many people die from air pollution induced breathing problems as 20 years ago
• Primary Green Crimes

  Crimes that result directly from the destruction and degredation of the earth's resources
• What are White's 2 views of harm?


  Anthropocentric - the view of nations and transnational corporations, humans have a right to dominate nature for their own ends and economic gain

  Ecocentric - humans and their environment are interdependent so environmental harm hurts humans too, so humans and the environment are both liable to exploitation
• What did White say is the proper aim of criminology?


  The proper subject of criminology is any action that harms the environment as well as humans and animals
• What is Situ & Emmons' definition of green crime?


  Environmental crime is an unauthorised act or omission that violates the law
• What is a criticism of traditional criminology?

  Criticised for accepting official definitions which are often determined by powerful groups to serve their own interests
• What does traditional criminology think about green crime?

  Traditional criminology isnt' concerned with legal pollution and environmental harm because no law has been broken
• What did Beck say about global risk society & environment?


  Today's late modern society we can provide adequate resources for all, but the massive increases in productivity and technology has created new 'manufactured risks'

  Many of these risks involve harm to the environment, and have global consequences

  eg. russian global heating caused the century's hottest heatwave which led to loss of the grain belt and an increase in the price of grain
• What is a recent example of green crime by influential people?

  Super Bowl 2024- over 800 private jet flights to and from

  People flew for an hour when they could've travelled another way