MICP LEC

• Microbiology- Greek word mikros (“small”), bios (“life”), logia or logos (“study of”)
• A microbe or microorganism is an organism that can only be seen with the aid of a microscope.
• Microorganism is categorized into 2

  1. Cellular
  2. Acellular
•   Cellular- which may either be prokaryotes (bacteria, cyanobacteria, and archeans) or eukaryotes ( fungi, protozoa, and algae).
• Acellular- which include viruses.
• Bacteriology- study of bacteria
• Virology- study of viruses
• Mycology- study of fungi
• parasitology- study of protozoa and parasitic worms
• Phycology- study of algae
• Immunology- study of immune system and immune response
• • Normal Flora or Indigenous Flora- inhibit the human body which only produces disease in persons with compromised immune systems.
• • Normal Flora or Indigenous Flora- inhibit the human body which only produces disease in persons with compromised immune systems.
• Penicillin was derived from the fungus penicillium
• plague- is an epidemic that broke out in Egypt during 3180 BC
• An outbreak of a smallpox-like disease that originated in China spread worldwide.
• The exhumed mummified remains of Rameses V showed skin lesions resembling smallpox
• Robert Hooke- he discovered the cell. His discovery heralded the cell theory
• Anton Van Leeuwenhoek-a Dutch merchant created a single-lens microscope that he used to make observations of microorganisms which then he called ANIMALCULES
• Anton Van Leeuwenhoek- know as the "Father of Microbiology"
• Anton Van Leeuwenhoek- was the one who first provided accurate descriptions of bacteria, protozoa, and fungi
• Louis Pasteur- made the Germ Theory of Disease
• Germ theory of disease- postulated by Louis Pasteur- that microorganisms were in the environment and could cause infectious disease
• Louis Pasteur- he developed the process of pasteurization
• Pasteurization- is the process which kills microorganisms in different types of liquids, and which became the basis for aseptic technique.
• Louis Pasteur- he introduced the terms aerobes and anaerobes to describe the different types of bacteria, and developed the fermentation process.
• Pasteur's attempts to prove his germ theory of disease were unsuccessful. It took Robert Koch to prove that microorganisms caused certain diseases through a series of scientific steps which led to his formulation of the Koch's postulate.
• Golden age of microbiology- the late 1800s and the first decade of the 1900s came to be known as the
• Edward Jenner- discovered the vaccine for smallpox
• Joseph Lister- applied the theory to medical procedures, paving the way for the development of aseptic surgery
• Paul Ehrlich- discovered Salvarsan for the treatment of syphilis
• Salvarsan- this drug was heralded as the "magic bullet" of chemotherapy ( which is the treatment of disease by using chemical substances to kill cancer cells )
• Alexander Fleming- discovered the antibiotic penicillin from the mold penicillium notatum
• microscope-is an optical instrument that can magnify organisms a hundredfold or even a thousandfold
• compound microscope- is a type of microscope that contains more than one magnifying lens
• compound microscope- can magnify objects approximately a thousand times their original size. Visible light is its main source of illumination as such it is also known as Compound Light Microscope
• eyepiece- ( or ocular) contains what is called an ocular lens that has a magnifying power of 10X
• Ocular lens or eyepiece- this is the topmost part of the microscope; the lens through which the viewer looks to see the specimen
• Revolving nose piece- located above the stage, it holds the objective lenses
• Diopter Adjustment- it is used to change focus on one eyepiece in order to correct any difference in vision between two eyes