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psychology
biological psych
transmission within a neuron
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Cards (30)
label the diagram
A)
dendrites
B)
terminal buttons
C)
myelin sheath
D)
soma
E)
axon
5
why do sodium channels open?
when the
threshold
of
excitation
is reached
at rest, sodium ions are...
attracted to the
inside
of the cell
what is a function of the myelin sheath?
enables action potentials to travel quickly
sensory neurons carry information...
from the
body
to the
CNS
motor
neurons carry info from the
CNS
to the
muscles
how many neurons are in the brain?
86
billion
label the parts on a neuron
A)
dendrites
B)
myelin sheath
C)
axon
D)
soma
E)
terminal buttons
5
dendrite
- receives messages from the previous neuron
soma (
cell body
) - contains
nucleus
axon - carries info from
soma
to
terminal
buttons
myelin sheath
- wraps around axon
terminal
button - at the end of axon
branches
glia
- the other type of cell that makes up the nervous system
astrocytes
provide
structural
support to neurons
provide
nutrients
to neurons. get
glucose
from
capillaries
and break it down into
lactate
surround
synapses
to limit
dispersion
of neurotransmitter
oligodendrocytes
- produce myelin sheath
microglia
clears
dead
or
dying
neurons
attack
foreign
tissue and helps repair damaged cells
Transmission withing a neuron is an
electrical
process. Results from the movement of
ions
across the
cell membrane
All cells have
electrical
charge. More
negative
on the inside. Result in
resting
potential (store of energy)
ions -
charged
molecules
Cations are
positively
charged molecules
Anions
are negatively charged molecules
Membrane potential - difference in electrical potential
inside
and
outside
of the cell
Intercellular fluid contains
potassium
ions and
anions
Extracellular fluid contains
chloride
ions
what is membrane potential balanced by?
diffusion
and
electrostatic
pressure
what is the resting potential of a neuron?
-70
mV
Depolarization
- decrease from normal resting potential
Hyperpolarization - increase relative to
resting
potential
axons covered by the
myelin
sheath = fast conduction of AP, less energy required