Pipeline

Cards (130)

  • What year did the oil shortage gas crisis occur?
    1973
  • What was the risky solution to the oil shortage?
    A pipeline across 800 miles of wilderness
  • What temperature is described as seventy-five degrees below zero?
    Arctic Circle temperature
  • How quickly can exposed flesh freeze in extreme cold?
    In ten minutes
  • What happened to the explorer's fingers in extreme cold?
    They froze solid in 90 seconds
  • What did oil companies do in the harsh Arctic conditions?
    They explored for oil despite risks
  • Which two oil companies discovered the largest oil field in North America?
    Humble Oil and Atlantic Richfield
  • Where is the largest oil field located?
    Prudhoe Bay, Alaska
  • How many barrels of oil were discovered in Prudhoe Bay?
    Close to 10 billion barrels
  • What is the total amount of fuel from the discovered oil?
    Over 420 billion gallons
  • What is the area around Prudhoe Bay known as?
    Alaska's North Slope
  • How far is the nearest human contact from Prudhoe Bay?
    500 miles away
  • What event marked the first public demonstration of environmental concern?
    Earth Day rally
  • What was the public's reaction to environmental issues in the 1960s?
    They began to express concern and rally
  • What organization began to take shape in response to environmental concerns?
    Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
  • What was the proposed length of the oil pipeline?
    800 miles long
  • What diameter was the pipeline planned to be?
    48 inches in diameter
  • What was the estimated cost of the pipeline construction?
    Over 9 billion dollars
  • What legal act set standards for environmental projects?
    National Environmental Protection Act (NEPA)
  • How did the public's opinion affect the oil companies' plans?
    It led to increased opposition and lawsuits
  • What halted the pipeline construction in April 1970?
    Congress and the courts intervened
  • What was Alaska's historical significance in the fur trade?
    It was a base for the booming fur trade
  • What was the price paid by the U.S. for Alaska?
    Seven million dollars
  • How much land did the purchase of Alaska cost per acre?
    Two cents an acre
  • What was the public perception of the Alaska purchase at the time?
    It was labeled as Seward's folly
  • What economic benefits did Alaska provide after its purchase?
    Whaling, timber, and gold rush profits
  • How much gold was extracted from Alaska by 1898?
    More than 300 million dollars
  • What was the return on investment for Alaska by 1959?
    Fifty billion dollars
  • How did Edwin Drake contribute to the oil industry?
    He drilled the first modern oil well
  • What was the primary lighting source before oil?
    Whale oil
  • What technique did Drake use to drill for oil?
    Water drilling technique
  • What was the significance of Titusville, Pennsylvania?
    It was where oil freely floated up
  • What did the local Seneca Indians use oil for?
    Medicinal purposes
  • What happened just as oil began flowing from Drake's well?
    He received a letter to close operations
  • How did the oil industry change after Drake's discovery?
    Pipelines became the most efficient delivery method
  • What percentage of America's oil was transported by pipelines by 1880?
    More than 75%
  • What was the purpose of the Big Inch pipeline?
    To deliver fuel to warships
  • How did the automobile industry affect oil consumption?
    It significantly increased oil demand
  • How many cars were in use in the U.S. by the post-World War II years?
    90 million
  • What did the Federal Highway Act accomplish?
    Linked America with modern roads