Atomic Structure + The periodic table

• What is a compound?

  Two or more different elements chemically bonded
• What is an element?

  Something found on the periodic table
• What is a mixture?

  Two or more substances that may be bonded
• Where are electrons located in an atom?

  On the shells around the nucleus
• What is the mass of an electron?

  So small it is considered zero
• What is the charge of a proton?

  Plus 1
• How do you calculate the mass number of an atom?

  Protons plus neutrons
• What does the atomic number represent?

  Number of protons in an atom
• If an atom has an atomic number of 24, how many protons does it have?

  24 protons
• How many neutrons are in an atom with a mass number of 52 and an atomic number of 24?

  28 neutrons
• What is the first step in writing a balanced equation?

  Write the word equation for the reaction
• What are the methods to separate mixtures?

  • Distillation: separates liquids with different boiling points
  • Filtration: separates solids from liquids
  • Fractional distillation: separates compounds by size and boiling points
• What was the plum pudding model of the atom?

  A sphere of positive charge with electrons
• What did Rutherford's experiment reveal about the atom?

  Positive charge is clustered in the nucleus
• Who discovered neutrons?

  Chadwick
• What do groups and periods on the periodic table indicate?

  • Groups: Number of electrons in the outer shell
  • Periods: Number of electron shells
• How many electrons can the first shell hold?

  2 electrons
• How many electrons can the second shell hold?

  8 electrons
• How many electrons can the third shell hold?

  8 electrons
• What is an ion?

  An atom that has lost or gained electrons
• What charge does sodium ion have after losing an electron?

  +1 charge
• What charge does fluorine ion have after gaining an electron?

  -1 charge
• What are the properties of alkali metals and halogens?

  • Alkali metals: Very reactive, one electron in outer shell
  • Halogens: Very reactive, seven electrons in outer shell
• Who developed the first proper periodic table?

  Mendeleev
• What are noble gases known for?

  Being unreactive with full outer shells
• How does reactivity change in alkali metals and halogens?

  Increases down the group for alkali metals
• What is a characteristic of transition metals?

  They are hard and good conductors
• What color is copper when oxidized?

  Blue-green