Nutrition

• 1kg of bodyweight = 1 gram of protein
• Glycogen in animals is stored in adipose tissues
• The pituitary gland secretes growth hormones
• Bone contains calcium and phosphorus
• Nutrition is of two types, autotrophic and heterotrophic
• Plants, blue green algae, bacteria, cyanobaccteria all come under autotrophs
• Sunlight's role in photosynthesis is to break down H2O
• Hydrogen combines with carbon dioxide to form carbohydrate
• Holozoic organisms take in solid form of food
• Alimentary canal starts from mouth to anus
• The alimentary canal is also called the Gastro Intestinal traut
• Liver, pancreas and gall bladder are the accessory glands of the small intestine
• Saliva contains salivary amylase
• Pancreas produce insulin hormone
• liver produces bile juice, salts and pigments
• gall bladder stores bile juice
• Duodenum is the pipe that connects the stomach and the intestine
• Oesophagus has sphincter muscles
• Sphincter muscles help in peristallic movement
• The contraction and relaxation in the food pipe is known as peristalis
• The stomach produces 3 secretions
• The stomach secretes mucus, hcl and pepsin
• Pepsins are also called chief cells
• Hcl is produced by Parietal cells
• Hcl is produced to convert pepsinogen to pepsin
• pepsin helps in protein synthesis
• Pepsin converts proteins to amino acids
• The pharynx guides food to the food pipe
• Carbohydrates are generally known as sugar
• pancreas secretes both enzymes and hormones
• insulin helps in controlling blood glucose levles
• When insulin fails to regulate blood glucose levels, the condition hence caused is diabetes
• Pancreatic juice contains trypsin, pancreatic amylase and lipase
• trypsin involves in breaking down of proteins
• pancreatic amylase involves in breaking down of carbohydrates
• lipase engages in breaking down of fats into fatty acids and glycerol
• Bile juice breaks fat into glycerol
• Haemoglobin is known as a respiratory pigment
• Bile pigments break down products of haemoglobin into bilirubin and biliverdin
• bile juice is produced only when there is food in stomach