C5 - chemical changes

• What is the mnemonic for the reactivity series?

  purple, slime, can, make, a, careless, zebra, insane, try, learning, how, camels, surprise, gorillas
• What does the reactivity series indicate?

  Order of metals by reactivity
• What happens when a more reactive metal reacts with a less reactive metal?

  The more reactive metal displaces the less reactive
• What do metals produce when reacted with water?

  Metal hydroxide and hydrogen
• What is the reaction of lithium with water?

  2Li + 2H₂O → 2LiOH + H₂
• How does the reactivity of a metal affect its reaction speed with water?

  More reactive metals react faster
• What is the general formula for the reaction between an acid and a metal?

  Acid + metal → salt + hydrogen
• What is the reaction of hydrochloric acid with sodium?

  2HCl + 2Na → 2NaCl + H₂
• What occurs during a neutralisation reaction?

  An acid reacts with an alkali to produce salt and water
• What is the general formula for the reaction between an acid and an alkali?

  Acid + alkali → salt + water
• What is the reaction of hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide?

  HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O
• How is the name of a salt derived?

  From the metal and the acid used
• What is a redox reaction?

  Oxidation and reduction occur simultaneously
• What is the ionic equation for the reaction of calcium with hydrogen ions?

  Ca → Ca²⁺ + 2e⁻
• What is oxidation in terms of electrons?

  Loss of electrons
• What is reduction in terms of electrons?

  Gain of electrons
• What is the general formula for the reaction between an acid and a metal oxide?

  Acid + metal oxide → salt + water
• What is the reaction of sulfuric acid with copper oxide?

  H₂SO₄ + CuO → CuSO₄ + H₂O
• What is the general formula for the reaction between an acid and a carbonate?

  Acid + carbonate → salt + water + carbon dioxide
• What is the reaction of hydrochloric acid with calcium carbonate?

  HCl + CaCO₃ → CaCl₂ + H₂O + CO₂
• What ions do acids produce in aqueous solutions?

  H⁺ ions
• What ions do alkalis produce in aqueous solutions?

  OH⁻ ions
• What is the pH of neutral solutions?

  pH 7
• What happens in neutralisation reactions?

  H⁺ ions react with OH⁻ ions to produce water
• What do metals produce when reacted with dilute acids?

  A salt and hydrogen
• What is the reaction of sodium with hydrochloric acid?

  2Na + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H₂
• Which metals do not react with dilute acids?

  Metals below hydrogen in the reactivity series
• What is the acid used to produce chloride salts?

  Hydrochloric acid
• What is the acid used to produce nitrate salts?

  Nitric acid
• What is the acid used to produce sulfate salts?

  Sulfuric acid
• What characterizes a strong acid?

  Completely dissociates in solution
• What characterizes a weak acid?

  Partially dissociates in solution
• What is the dissociation of acetic acid?

  CH₃COOH ⇌ CH₃COO⁻ + H⁺
• What is electrolysis?

  Splitting up an ionic substance using electricity
• What is required to set up electrolysis?

  Two electrodes in the electrolyte
• What are the electrodes made from in electrolysis?

  Inert materials like graphite or platinum
• What happens to ions during electrolysis?

  They gain or lose electrons at electrodes
• What happens to lead ions at the cathode during electrolysis?

  They gain electrons and become neutral atoms
• What happens to bromide ions at the anode during electrolysis?

  They lose electrons to form bromine molecules
• What is the positive electrode called in electrolysis?

  Anode