DVS

• What are the three layers of the meninges?

  Pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater
• What is the primary function of the dura mater?

  Protects the brain and spinal cord
• What is an emissary vein?

  A vein that connects sinuses to exterior
• What does the dura mater form over the cerebellum?

  A tent over the cerebellum
• What is the falx cerebri?

  A sickle-shaped fold of dura mater
• Where is the falx cerebri attached anteriorly?

  To the crista galli and internal frontal crest
• What is the posterior attachment of the falx cerebri?

  To the upper surface of the tentorium cerebelli
• What does the small sickle-shaped projection of dura mater attach to?

  Internal occipital crest
• What does the posterior fixed margin of the small projection contain?

  The occipital sinus
• What does the tentorium cerebelli support?

  The occipital lobes of the cerebral hemispheres
• What is the tentorial notch?

  The free internal concave border of the tentorium
• What does the external convex border of the tentorium enclose?

  The transverse sinus and superior petrosal sinus
• What is the diaphragma sellae?

  A fold of dura that covers the pituitary gland
• What does the diaphragma sellae have in its center?

  A central opening for the hypophyseal stalk
• What are the characteristics of dural venous sinuses?

  Lined by endothelium, no muscular coat
• What do dural venous sinuses collect blood from?

  Brain, meninges, orbit, internal ear, diploe
• Where do the sinuses lie?

  Between the two layers of cranial dura mater
• How do sinuses communicate with the exterior of the skull?

  Via small veins called emissary veins
• What are the unpaired sinuses mentioned?

  Superior sagittal sinus, inferior sagittal sinus, straight sinus
• Where does the superior sagittal sinus pass?

  In the upper border of the falx cerebri
• What does the superior sagittal sinus communicate with?

  Veins of scalp, cavernous sinus, nasal cavity
• What does the inferior sagittal sinus join?

  The straight sinus at the falx cerebri attachment
• Where does the straight sinus run?

  In the tentorium cerebelli to the internal occipital protuberance
• What are the paired sinuses mentioned?

  Spheno-parietal, cavernous, transverse, inferior petrosal, superior petrosal, sigmoid
• What does the superior petrosal sinus run along?

  The upper border of the petrous temporal bone
• What does the inferior petrosal sinus run along?

  The petro-occipital suture
• Where does the transverse sinus commence?

  At the internal occipital protuberance
• What does the transverse sinus become at the lateral border of the petrous temporal bone?

  The sigmoid sinus
• What is the course of the sigmoid sinus?

  S-shaped downwards to the jugular foramen
• Where does the cavernous sinus extend from?

  Apex of the petrous temporal bone to the superior orbital fissure
• What structures run on the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus?

  Oculomotor, trochlear, ophthalmic, maxillary nerves
• What does the cavernous sinus receive blood from anteriorly?

  Ophthalmic veins, spheno-parietal sinus, middle cerebral vein
• What can occlusion of cerebral veins and dural venous sinuses result from?

  Thrombi, thrombophlebitis, or tumors
• Which dural venous sinuses are most frequently thrombosed?

  Transverse, cavernous, and superior sagittal sinuses
• How do facial veins connect with the cavernous sinus?

  Through the superior ophthalmic veins
• What usually causes cavernous sinus thrombosis?

  Infections in the orbit, nasal sinuses, face
• What may happen in persons with thrombophlebitis of the facial vein?

  Infected thrombus may extend into cavernous sinus
• How does infection spread in cavernous sinus thrombosis?

  May spread to the opposite side via intercavernous sinuses
• What may thrombophlebitis of the cavernous sinus affect?

  The abducent nerve and nerves in the lateral wall
• What can septic thrombosis of the cavernous sinus lead to?

  Development of acute meningitis