Media & Info (Chapter 2)

• Communication refers to the people of groups of people imparting or exchanging messages through speaking, writing, gestures or other symbolic forms by utilizing a variety of channels for sending and receiving.
• Media is any form of communication that reaches large audiences such as television, radio, newspapers, magazines, books, movies, video games, music, cell phones, internet and social media.
• Messages are a collection of symbols that appear purposefully organized (meaningful) to those sending of receiving them.
• Interpersonal communication: a form of communication that involves two or three individuals interacting through the use of their voices and bodies.
• Three (3) types of communication: interpersonal communication, mediated interpersonal communication, and organizational communication
• Mediated interpersonal communication: communication wherein technology stands in between the parties communicating and becomes the channel by which the message is sent or received
• Organizational communication: involves sending and of receiving messages among individuals under one organization or located in one working environment.
• Eight (8) elements that constitute the creation of a message:

  1. Source
  2. Encoding
  3. Transmitting
  4. Channel
  5. Decoding
  6. Receiver
  7. Feedback
  8. Noise interference
• The source is where the message came from which can be a person or an organization.
• Encoding is the process by which a message is translated so it can be transmitted and communicated to another party. It is how you compose your sentence as you communicate.
• Transmitting is the actual act of sending the message. It can either be through the person’s vocal cords and facial muscles complemented with hand gestures, if we mean the act of speaking.
• Channel: the lines that enable

  the act of sending or transmitting, which can be the telephone, the Internet for voice operated applications, the radio and television, or the print media to communicate more complex messages
• Decoding: transmitted impulses are converted to signs as the brain perceives and processes it
• The reverse of encoding, decoding is the process by which the receiver translates the source’s thoughts and ideas so they can have meaning.
• The receiver is the one who gets the message that was transmitted through the channels. Like the source or sender, it can be an individual or an organization.
• Feedback is the response generated by the message that was sent to the receiver, which can either be immediate or delayed.
• Noise: something that interferes the transmittal process, which may be treated both literally and figuratively.
• The history of printing started with ancient cultures in Europe, Asia and Middle East. By 105 CE, the Chinese had developed the technology for silk paper. By the 800 CE, they had full length books produced using wooden block printing.
• In the history of printing, the movable type first surfaced in the Far East.
• Pi Sheng: A Chinese alchemist who developed a system of individual character types made from a mixture of baked clay and clue
• In Korea, the Jikji, a collection of Zen

  Buddhist teachings, was printed in 1377, under the Goryeo Dynasty, using movable type technology.
• Around 100 CE, Christian invented the codex, a document considered as the prototype of a book.
• In the 15th century, Johann Gutenberg invented the printing technology that would eventually be called the movable type machine.
• The Gutenberg printing process launched what could be considered the first medium truly designed for the masses.
• The Bible was one of Gutenberg’s earliest and most famous creations (1455 year of initial publication).
• Doctrina Christiana is the first book printed which was a treatise on the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church written by Fray Juan Plasencia, an Augustinian priest who arrived with the earliest batches of the Augustinian missionaries who landed in the Archipelago.
• After the 17th century, the first newspaper was reportedly produced in England (although it was restricted because of the apprehension by the ruling monarchs).
• By 1700, the idea of a free press, independent from the control of the government, emerged as a strong rhetoric against authoritarian states.
• Adversarial press: the press that has the ability to conduct dialogue and argue

  with the government; arose from the ranks of the intellectuals in the British and American colonies; press has come to stand for the interest of the economic sectors
• The development of the steam engine gave rise to the steam-powered cylinder press, which dramatically lowered the cost of newspapers.
• La Esperanza: the first daily newspaper published in the country on December 1, 1846
• Diario de Manila: Spanish language newspaper founded on October 11, 1848, and closed down by official decree on February 19, 1898, after the colonial authorities discovered that its installations were being used to print revolutionary material
• Boletin Oficial de Filipinas: was created by law and featured not only official

  government issuances but also local and international news and among others, serialized Spanish novels
• La Solidaridad: Actively used to campaign for reforms in the Philippines published in Spain in 1889
• Ang Kalayaan: Official revolutionary newspaper of the KKK published on January 18, 1896 by the Katipuneros
• George Eastman: invented the film and built a company that would be known as Kodak.
• Thomas Edison and his assistant William Dickson turned the use of the photographic film, (now in a strip) into a material that can be moved in front of a lens at a constant speed to result into several photographs. When that strip was developed and viewed by the naked eye, it gave the illusion of a moving object.
• Frenchmen Louis and Augusto Lumiere further developed the technology of film projectors. They were among the first filmmakers in history.
• Edison’s vitascope was on a public debut in New York, where it showed a film entitled Rough Sea at Dover by Robert Paul.
• By 1907, the word “television” was already used in a magazine called the Scientific American.