Week 2

• what is the word philosophy defined as?

  love of wisdom
• philosophy is the search for knowledge and wisdom
• which branch of philosophy is more traditional and explores the mind-body problem?

  metaphysics
• which branch of philosophy is the study of knowledge and explores acquisition and representation of knowledge?

  epistemology
• what methods do philosophers use?

  logic and reasoning
• a logic proposition is a statement that could be either true or false
• which reasoning is assertion, definitive and given the facts?

  deductive
• which reasoning is the generalization of observations?

  inductive
• which reasoning is the explanation that is drawn from facts (not definitive - could be true or false)?

  abductive
• what question does the mind-body problem explore?

  what is mind?
• mind-body problem describes the physical properties of the brain and the mental qualities of the mind (consciousness, thought, desire, belief)
• which view in the mind-body problem says that the mind and body are made of the same substance (mentally or physical)?

  monism
• which form of monism insists we live in a virtual reality and are programmed to experience what the mind is programmed to see?

  idealism
• which form of monism says that everything is physical and made of matter (a single substance and nothing is spiritual)?

  physicalism (materialism)
• identity theory is the mind is brain and mental states are physical states of the brain (part of physicalism)
• eliminativism rejects terminology and the mental states they describe (don't believe in mental states)
• folk psychology helps to understand and predict behaviour of people around us using common sense or intuitive reasoning
• multiple realization is a critique to identity theory that says any given state can be instantiated or realized differently in different creatures
• which view in the mind-body problem says that brain and mind are made of two different substances (brain is physical and mind is mental)?

  dualism
• which form of dualism states there is a one-way casual link with the mind controlling the body, but not vice versa?

  classical
• which form of dualism says that there are two separate substances where physical is made of matter but it is unclear what the mental substance is made of?

  substance
• which form of dualism says that mind and body are the same substance with different properties?

  property
• which view in the mind-body problem focuses on the functions and processes of the mind rather than specific physical components?

  functionalism
• physical kinds are identified by their material composition only
• functional kinds are distinguished by their actions or tendencies
• what question does the knowledge acquisition problem attempt to answer?

  how do we acquire knowledge?
• which view of knowledge says that we are born with knowledge (hardwired in our genes) and favours nature over nurture?

  nativism
• which view of knowledge says that we have both innate knowledge and we apply reasoning to build new knowledge?

  rationalism
• which view of knowledge says knowledge is acquired through experience (nurture over nature)?

  empiricism
• which view of knowledge says simple ideas are acquired unconsciously, and complex ideas are learned by reflection (associating unknown with known)?

  associationist
• declarative knowledge are facts that are acquired by studies and observation, including the knowledge that is acquired by logical reasoning
• procedural knowledge tells us how to do or react to something (can be acquired through some procedure or be innate)
• consciousness: the awareness of one's own existence and the ability to experience thoughts, feelings, and sensations
• awareness: knowledge or perception of a situation or fact
• awareness is a prerequisite for consciousness
• knowledge cannot generate the subjective experience
• dissociative identity disorder: person can alternate between personalities
• in split-brain patients, half of the brain can possess an awareness that the other cannot
• unitary: one recognizes themselves to be one person, experiencing things in the present moment
• phenomenal concept of the mind: the idea of mind as a conscious experience