Energy stores: kinetic, potential, thermal, etc.

• What are energy stores?

  Reservoirs where energy is kept or stored
• What is kinetic energy?

  Energy of an object in motion
• What is the formula for kinetic energy?

  $KE =$$\frac{1}{2} mv^{2}$
• What factors affect kinetic energy?

  Mass of the object and its velocity
• If a car has a mass of 1000 kg and is moving at 20 m/s, what is its kinetic energy?

  $200,000 \text{ J}$
• What is potential energy?

  Energy stored based on position or condition
• What is gravitational potential energy?

  Energy due to an object's height above ground
• What is the formula for gravitational potential energy?

  $PE_{g} =$$mgh$
• What does each variable in the gravitational potential energy formula represent?

  $m$ is mass, $g$ is gravitational acceleration, $h$ is height
• If a book has a mass of 2 kg and is on a shelf 3 m high, what is its gravitational potential energy?

  $39.2 \text{ J}$
• What is elastic potential energy?

  Energy stored when an object is stretched or compressed
• What is the formula for elastic potential energy?

  $PE_{e} =$$\frac{1}{2} kx^{2}$
• What do the variables in the elastic potential energy formula represent?

  $k$ is spring constant, $x$ is extension
• If a spring has a spring constant of 300 N/m and is compressed by 0.2 m, what is its elastic potential energy?

  $6 \text{ J}$
• What is thermal energy?

  Total kinetic energy of particles in a substance
• How does thermal energy relate to temperature?

  More particle movement means higher temperature
• What is chemical energy?

  Energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules
• What is nuclear energy?

  Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom
• What are the different types of energy stores?

  • Kinetic energy: Energy of motion
  • Potential energy: Energy due to position or condition
  • Thermal energy: Total kinetic energy of particles
  • Chemical energy: Energy stored in atomic and molecular bonds
  • Nuclear energy: Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom
• How does energy transfer occur between stores?

  Energy moves from one store to another
• What are the common processes of energy transfer?

  • Conduction: Transfer through direct contact
  • Convection: Transfer by movement of fluids
  • Radiation: Transfer through electromagnetic waves
• How do conduction, convection, and radiation differ in energy transfer?

  • Conduction: Direct contact transfer, usually in solids
  • Convection: Fluid movement transfer, in liquids or gases
  • Radiation: Transfer through electromagnetic waves