Acids and alkali

• Acids taste sour while alkali taste bitter.
• Acid and alkalis are dangerous as they can burn our skin
• Acids reacts with alkali ,metal and carbonate
• example of acids are hydrochloride acid (HCL),sulphuric acid(H2SO4),nitric acid (HNO3),vinegar,citric fruits,acid in car battery,vitamin c
• acids turn blue litmus paper red.
• Alkalis have a bitter and soapy feel
• turn red lithmus paper blue
• react with acid in neutralisation reaction
• sodium hydroxide (NAOH),calcium hydroxide ( CA(0H)2),potassium hydroxide (KOH)
• ammonium , soap, baking soda
• soap is made by reacting sodium or potassium hydroxide with fatty acids from animal fats or vegetable oils
• acid + metal oxide → salt + water
• baking soda is used as an antacid because it reacts with stomach acid to form carbon dioxide which makes the person burp
• baking soda is used to make cakes rise because it reacts with the acidic carbon dioxide produced when bicarbonate of soda is heated.
• metal + acid → salt + hydrogen gas
• when ammonia gas dissolves in water, it forms ammonium hydroxide solution
• a pH value less than 7 indicates that the substance is acidic
• the pH scale measures how acidic or alkaline a substance is
• alkalis are bases that neutralise acids, they have pH values greater than 7
• alkalis are bases that neutralise acids, they have pH values above 7
• a pH value greater than 7 indicates that the substance is basic or alkaline
• acidic substances have a low pH (less than 7)
• ammonia reacts with acids to form salts and water
• pure water has a neutral pH of 7
• neutral substances have a pH of exactly 7
• acid + base → salt + water
• alkaline substances have a high pH (greater than 7)
• the pH scale ranges from 0 to 14
• an indicator is used to show whether an unknown liquid is acidic or alkaline
• metal oxides react with dilute acids to form salts and water
• acid reacts with metal to form salt and hydrogen gas
• In a chemical reaction of metal and acid two products are always formed mainly salt and hydrogen gas .
• Acids can be neutralised by bases, which produce water and a salt as their only products.
• Neutral substances have a pH of 7
• Bases react with acids to form salts and water
• Hydrochloric acid (HCL ) reacts with metal magnesium(mg)to form magnesium chloride (mgcl2) salt + hydrogen gas
• A solution that has a pH less than 7 is an acid
• Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) is the most common base used in labs
• A solution that has a pH greater than 7 is a base or alkaline
• To check if hydrogen gas is produced in the reaction between alkali and metal we can use a light splint which will make a pop sound in the presence of hydrogen