5.1 Gulf War 1990–1991

• What primary event triggered the Gulf War?

  Iraqi invasion of Kuwait
• Iraq considered Kuwait part of its historic territory
• Why did Iraq want access to Kuwait's oil reserves?

  Increase wealth and influence
• Strategic control of Kuwait would provide Iraq with access to the Persian Gulf.
• Match the causes of the Gulf War with their key phrases:

  Territorial Claims ↔️ Iraq historically considered Kuwait part of its territory

  Oil Resources ↔️ Kuwait's large oil reserves increased Iraq's wealth and influence

  Strategic Control ↔️ Controlling Kuwait provided access to the Persian Gulf
• What was the purpose of the air campaign in the Gulf War?

  Destroy Iraqi infrastructure
• The air campaign reduced casualties and had a quick impact
• Precision weapons in the Gulf War reduced collateral damage.
• Order the military strategies and tactics used in the Gulf War based on their effectiveness:

  1️⃣ Precision Weapons

  2️⃣ Envelopment Maneuvers

  3️⃣ Air Campaign

  4️⃣ Ground Offensive
• What were the three main factors driving Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in 1990?

  Historical claims, oil, strategic control
• Match the reasons for Iraq's invasion with their key outcomes:

  Historical territorial claims ↔️ Territorial gain

  Access to oil resources ↔️ Increased wealth and influence

  Strategic control ↔️ Strategic positioning
• The Iraqi invasion of Kuwait combined motives to trigger the Gulf War.
• Why did Iraq consider Kuwait part of its territory?

  Historical territorial claims
• Kuwait's oil reserves were a significant factor in Iraq's decision to invade.
• Dominating the skies in the Gulf War provided air superiority
• What was the advantage of using precision bombing during the Gulf War?

  Minimizes collateral damage
• Order the major events during the Gulf War based on their chronology:

  1️⃣ Operation Desert Storm

  2️⃣ Air Campaign
• Operation Desert Storm began in January 1991 and lasted until February.
• What was the name of the major ground offensive launched by coalition forces during the Gulf War?

  Operation Desert Storm
• The extensive bombing of Iraqi military and infrastructure during the Gulf War is referred to as the air campaign
• The liberation of Kuwait occurred in February 1991.
• Which country led the coalition forces during the Gulf War?

  United States
• The second-largest military contributor to the Gulf War was the United Kingdom
• Saudi Arabia provided bases and logistical support to the coalition forces during the Gulf War.
• What was the primary outcome of the Gulf War?

  Liberation of Kuwait
• The Gulf War resulted in a significant humanitarian crisis
• What type of environmental damage was caused by Iraq during the Gulf War?

  Oil spills and fires
• Arrange the following outcomes of the Gulf War in chronological order:

  1️⃣ Liberation of Kuwait

  2️⃣ Humanitarian Crisis

  3️⃣ Environmental Damage

  4️⃣ Economic Costs
• The Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990 was the primary background to the Gulf War.
• What was one of the key motivations for Iraq's invasion of Kuwait?

  Access to oil resources
• Iraq's historical territorial claims included considering Kuwait part of its historical territory
• Match the military strategy with its advantages:

  Air Superiority ↔️ Protects ground troops, weakens enemy forces

  Precision Bombing ↔️ Minimizes collateral damage, neutralizes strategic targets

  Rapid Ground Advance ↔️ Overwhelms enemy defenses, secures objectives
• Arrange the following military strategies used in the Gulf War in order of their primary focus:

  1️⃣ Air Superiority

  2️⃣ Precision Bombing

  3️⃣ Rapid Ground Advance

  4️⃣ Envelopment Maneuvers
• What is one advantage of air superiority in military strategy?

  Protects ground troops
• Precision bombing minimizes collateral damage
• Rapid ground advance requires careful planning and is resource-intensive.
• Match the military strategy with its advantage:

  Air Superiority ↔️ Prevents enemy air attacks

  Precision Bombing ↔️ Neutralizes strategic targets

  Rapid Ground Advance ↔️ Secures key objectives

  Envelopment Maneuvers ↔️ Disrupts enemy lines
• Envelopment maneuvers require precise timing and coordination
• What was the primary ground offensive during the Gulf War called?

  Operation Desert Storm
• Major events during the Gulf War in chronological order:

  1️⃣ Operation Desert Storm

  2️⃣ Air Campaign

  3️⃣ Liberation of Kuwait