1.3 Transformation of the American West

• In 1840, the American West was generally defined as the vast territories west of the Mississippi River up to the Rocky Mountains
• Match the geographical feature with its description:

  Wide-open plains ↔️ Flat, grassy areas

  Rocky Mountains ↔️ Towering mountain range

  Southwestern deserts ↔️ Arid and dry regions

  Pacific Coast valleys ↔️ Fertile agricultural zones
• The Plains Indians were the only major Native American group in the American West in 1840.

  False
• The term "Manifest Destiny" was coined in 1845 by journalist John L. O'Sullivan
• The Homestead Act of 1862 granted free land to settlers
• Where was gold first discovered during the California Gold Rush?

  Sutter's Mill
• California was admitted to the Union in 1850 as a direct result of the Gold Rush.
• Match the Native American group with their location in 1840:

  Plains Indians ↔️ Great Plains

  Pueblo Indians ↔️ Southwest

  Coastal Tribes ↔️ Pacific Northwest
• The concept of Manifest Destiny was first articulated in 1845 by journalist John L. O'Sullivan
• What was one major negative impact of Manifest Destiny on Native American populations?

  Displacement
• What was the widely held belief known as Manifest Destiny?

  Expansion across North America
• The term "Manifest Destiny" was coined in 1845 by journalist John L. O'Sullivan
• Manifest Destiny was based on the belief in economic opportunities and cultural superiority.
• What was one significant impact of Manifest Destiny?

  Territorial acquisitions
• Match the factors driving westward expansion with their descriptions:

  Manifest Destiny ↔️ Belief in US divine expansion

  Economic Opportunities ↔️ Prospect of farming and mining

  Homestead Act ↔️ Granted free land to settlers

  Railroads ↔️ Enhanced transportation and access
• What economic activities attracted settlers during westward expansion?

  Farming, ranching, mining
• The Homestead Act of 1862 granted free land to settlers
• Westward expansion led to the formation of new states in the American West.
• Where was gold discovered in California in 1848, starting the Gold Rush?

  Sutter's Mill
• The California Gold Rush led to a rapid increase in California's population.
• California was admitted to the Union as a state in 1850
• What broader context was the California Gold Rush tied to?

  Manifest Destiny
• What was the main goal of the Homestead Act of 1862?

  Promote settlement and agriculture
• Under the Homestead Act, individuals could claim 160 acres of government land.
• Homesteaders were required to cultivate the land for five years to gain ownership.
• Which immigrant group was attracted to the American West by the Homestead Act?

  European immigrants
• When was the Transcontinental Railroad completed?

  May 10, 1869
• Match the railroad companies with their contributions and labor forces:

  Central Pacific ↔️ Built through mountains, Chinese laborers

  Union Pacific ↔️ Built across plains, Irish immigrants
• Conflicts with Native American tribes were driven by the belief in Manifest Destiny.
• What treaty in 1868 established boundaries for Native American reservations?

  Treaty of Fort Laramie
• Order the following battles with Native American tribes chronologically:

  1️⃣ Sand Creek Massacre

  2️⃣ Battle of Little Bighorn

  3️⃣ Wounded Knee Massacre
• What treaty established boundaries for Native American reservations but was frequently violated?

  Treaty of Fort Laramie
• Cultural misunderstandings were a primary cause of conflicts with Native American tribes during westward expansion.
• Arrange the following battles in chronological order:

  1️⃣ Sand Creek Massacre (1864)

  2️⃣ Battle of Little Bighorn (1876)

  3️⃣ Wounded Knee Massacre (1890)
• Which battle demonstrated brutal disregard for Native American lives?

  Sand Creek Massacre
• Notable Native American leaders who led resistance against US forces were Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse
• Conflicts with Native American tribes were driven by the belief in Manifest Destiny.
• What was the primary cause of the Sioux Wars (1862-1890)?

  Encroachment on Sioux lands
• In 1840, the American West was generally defined as the territories west of the Mississippi River
• Match the geographical feature with its associated Native American group:

  Wide plains and prairies ↔️ Plains Indians

  Rocky Mountains ↔️ Pueblo Indians

  Deserts ↔️ Coastal Tribes