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AP Environmental Science
Unit 7: Atmospheric Pollution
7.6 Reduction of Air Pollutants
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What are air pollutants defined as?
Substances that harm health
Industrial processes release
SO_{2}
and
Cars emit
carbon monoxide
(CO) as a primary pollutant
Which sector releases ammonia (
N
H
3
NH_{3}
N
H
3
) as a primary pollutant?
Agriculture
Burning fossil fuels in residential activities releases
CO_{2}
and particulate matter.
What are two natural events that release air pollutants?
Volcanoes and wildfires
Match the air pollutant source with its primary pollutants:
Industrial Processes ↔️
S
O
2
SO_{2}
S
O
2
,
N
O
x
NO_{x}
N
O
x
, Particulate Matter
Transportation ↔️
C
O
CO
CO
,
N
O
x
NO_{x}
N
O
x
, VOCs
Agriculture ↔️
N
H
3
NH_{3}
N
H
3
, Particulate Matter
Residential Activities ↔️
C
O
2
CO_{2}
C
O
2
, Particulate Matter
Natural Events ↔️
S
O
2
SO_{2}
S
O
2
,
C
O
2
CO_{2}
C
O
2
, Particulate Matter
What is particulate matter (PM) composed of?
Dust, soot, and smoke
Carbon monoxide (
CO
) reduces oxygen delivery in the bloodstream.
Nitrogen oxides (
N
O
x
NO_{x}
N
O
x
) contribute to smog and acid rain.
Which pollutant is emitted from burning fossil fuels and contributes to respiratory issues?
Sulfur dioxide
Ozone is a secondary pollutant formed from reactions with nitrogen oxides and
VOCs
.
Order the strategies for reducing air pollutants from stationary sources:
1️⃣ Use cleaner fuels
2️⃣ Install emission control technologies
3️⃣ Improve energy efficiency
4️⃣ Implement regulations and standards
Match the emission control technology with its targeted pollutants:
Electrostatic Precipitators ↔️ Particulate Matter
Scrubbers ↔️
S
O
2
SO_{2}
S
O
2
,
N
O
x
NO_{x}
N
O
x
Catalytic Converters ↔️
N
O
x
NO_{x}
N
O
x
,
C
O
CO
CO
Transitioning from high-sulfur coal to natural gas reduces emissions of
SO_{2}
and particulate matter.
How do electrostatic precipitators remove particulate matter?
Charging and collecting particles
Scrubbers use liquid solutions to remove sulfur dioxide (
S
O
2
SO_{2}
S
O
2
) from flue gases.
What type of technology converts harmful gases into less harmful substances using catalysts?
Catalytic converters
Improving energy efficiency reduces the amount of fossil fuels burned and lowers
emissions
.
Strict emission limits and compliance measures ensure that stationary sources adhere to pollution control
practices
.
What are air pollutants?
Harmful substances in the air
Air pollutants can be primary, meaning they are emitted directly, or secondary, meaning they are formed through chemical
reactions
What are the major sources of air pollutants?
Industrial, transportation, agriculture
Match the source with its primary pollutants:
Industrial Processes ↔️
S
O
2
SO_{2}
S
O
2
,
N
O
x
NO_{x}
N
O
x
, Particulate Matter
Transportation ↔️
C
O
CO
CO
,
N
O
x
NO_{x}
N
O
x
, VOCs
Agriculture ↔️
N
H
3
NH_{3}
N
H
3
, Particulate Matter
Residential Activities ↔️
C
O
2
CO_{2}
C
O
2
, Particulate Matter
What is particulate matter (PM)?
Tiny particles in the air
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless gas produced by incomplete
combustion
Nitrogen oxides (
NO_{x}
</latex>) contribute to smog and acid rain.
What is sulfur dioxide (
S
O
2
SO_{2}
S
O
2
) emitted from?
Burning fossil fuels
Ozone (
O
3
O_{3}
O
3
) is a secondary pollutant formed from reactions with nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds
What is one strategy for reducing air pollutants from stationary sources?
Using cleaner fuels
Electrostatic precipitators remove particulate matter from
flue gases
by charging and collecting particles.
How do scrubbers remove sulfur dioxide (SO_{2}</latex>) from flue gases?
Chemical binding with liquid solutions
Catalytic converters use catalysts to convert harmful gases like
N
O
x
NO_{x}
N
O
x
and
C
O
CO
CO
into less harmful substances
What is one way to improve energy efficiency in industrial processes to reduce emissions?
Reducing fossil fuel combustion
Order the strategies for reducing air pollutants from mobile sources:
1️⃣ Implementing emission standards for vehicles
2️⃣ Promoting alternative fuels
3️⃣ Improving fuel efficiency
Match the strategy with its benefit for reducing mobile source emissions:
Emission Standards ↔️ Reduce
N
O
x
NO_{x}
N
O
x
and
C
O
CO
CO
Alternative Fuels ↔️ Decrease dependence on fossil fuels
Fuel Efficiency ↔️ Lower emissions and fuel consumption
What are three strategies for reducing air pollutants from mobile sources?
Emission standards, alternative fuels, fuel efficiency
Emission standards regulate pollutant emissions, reducing
NOx
Improving fuel efficiency lowers both
emissions
and fuel consumption.
What are two technologies used for reducing air pollutants from stationary sources?
Scrubbers, electrostatic precipitators
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