1.9 Federalism in Action

• What does the Supremacy Clause ensure in cases of conflict between federal and state laws?

  Federal laws prevail
• The Tenth Amendment reserves powers to the states
• Reserved powers are exclusive to state governments.
• What is an example of a concurrent power shared by both federal and state governments?

  Taxation
• Arrange the following concurrent powers by the level of government that primarily exercises them:

  1️⃣ Federal taxation

  2️⃣ State taxation

  3️⃣ Federal law enforcement

  4️⃣ State law enforcement

  5️⃣ Federal court systems

  6️⃣ State court systems
• Why is the division of powers between federal and state governments considered a balance of power?

  Prevents dominance by either
• Federal laws supersede state laws when conflicts arise due to the Supremacy Clause.
• What is federalism in a system of government?

  Division of power
• Dual sovereignty is a key principle of federalism.
• The Supremacy Clause states that federal laws are supreme over state laws.
• Match the type of federalism with its description:

  Dual Federalism ↔️ "Layer cake" federalism

  Cooperative Federalism ↔️ "Marble cake" federalism

  New Federalism ↔️ Emphasis on decentralization
• Why is understanding federalism crucial for interpreting the US government?

  Power allocation
• What are the three types of powers held by the federal government?

  Expressed, implied, inherent
• Match the type of federal power with its example:

  Expressed ↔️ Declare war

  Implied ↔️ Establish a national bank

  Inherent ↔️ Protect borders
• The Supremacy Clause ensures federal laws supersede state laws in cases of conflict.
• Which amendment reserves powers to the states?

  Tenth Amendment
• Reserved powers are exclusive to state governments.
• Order the key principles governing the relationship between federal and state governments:

  1️⃣ Balance of Powers

  2️⃣ Supremacy Clause

  3️⃣ Concurrent Powers
• What are concurrent powers shared by federal and state governments?

  Taxation, law enforcement
• Concurrent powers demonstrate how federalism enables both federal and state levels to govern effectively.
• Federalism is a system of government where power is divided between a central national government and regional state governments
• Dual sovereignty in federalism means that national and state governments have completely overlapping powers.

  False
• The principle of separation of powers in federalism ensures that each level has legislative, executive, and judicial branches
• Concurrent powers are exclusively held by the federal government.

  False
• The Supremacy Clause in federalism states that federal laws are supreme over state laws
• Match the type of federalism with its key characteristic:

  Dual Federalism ↔️ "Layer cake" separation

  Cooperative Federalism ↔️ "Marble cake" cooperation

  New Federalism ↔️ Emphasis on decentralization
• Arrange the types of federal powers from most explicit to least explicit:

  1️⃣ Expressed powers

  2️⃣ Implied powers

  3️⃣ Inherent powers
• An example of an expressed power of the federal government is the power to declare war
• The Supremacy Clause allows states to nullify federal laws if they disagree with them.

  False
• What are the three categories of powers held by the federal government?

  Expressed, implied, inherent
• Expressed powers are explicitly listed in the Constitution.
• Implied powers are necessary to execute expressed powers
• Inherent powers naturally belong to the national government.
• Match the type of power with its example:

  Expressed ↔️ Power to declare war

  Implied ↔️ Establishing a national bank

  Inherent ↔️ Protecting borders
• Concurrent powers enable federal and state governments to act independently or collaboratively
• Match the concurrent power with the level of government that primarily exercises it:

  Taxation ↔️ Federal income taxes

  Law Enforcement ↔️ State police

  Court Systems ↔️ Federal courts
• What legal principle was affirmed in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)?

  Necessary and Proper Clause
• Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) affirmed the federal government's power to regulate interstate commerce.
• Which Supreme Court case limited federal power under the Commerce Clause in 1995?

  United States v. Lopez
• Federal grants are financial aid provided to state and local governments for specific projects