1.5 Ratification of the U.S. Constitution

• What is the formal approval process by which states accept and legally bind themselves to a constitution or treaty called?

  Ratification
• The U.S. Constitution required ratification by at least nine of the thirteen states to go into effect.
• Federalists supported the Constitution and advocated for a strong national government.
• Anti-Federalists opposed the Constitution, fearing it would encroach on state sovereignty and individual rights.
• Who were three key Federalists who supported the Constitution?

  Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay
• Anti-Federalists believed in the protection of state rights and individual liberties.
• What were the main arguments against the Constitution by the Anti-Federalists?

  Potential for tyranny, lack of Bill of Rights
• *The Federalist Papers* were influential documents in favor of the Constitution.
• Match the Federalists with their core beliefs:

  Strong national government ↔️ National unity

  Economic prosperity ↔️ Unified policies

  Stability ↔️ Order and prevention of chaos

  National defense ↔️ Unified military
• The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution to address the concerns of the Anti-Federalists.
• Ratification of the U.S. Constitution required consent from at least nine of the thirteen states.
• Who were two prominent Anti-Federalists who opposed the Constitution?

  Patrick Henry, George Mason
• The Anti-Federalists feared that the Constitution lacked a guarantee of individual liberties.
• The debates surrounding ratification shaped the structure of the U.S. government and ensured individual liberties through the Bill of Rights.
• What document did the Federalists use to persuade the public during the ratification debate?

  *The Federalist Papers*
• The Anti-Federalists expressed their concerns in *Letters from a Federal Farmer.
• The Bill of Rights addressed the Anti-Federalists' concerns and secured the Constitution's ratification.
• What were the main arguments in favor of ratification by the Federalists?

  Stability, economic prosperity, national defense
• Federalists initially believed a Bill of Rights was unnecessary.
• How many states were required to ratify the U.S. Constitution for it to take effect?

  Nine
• Match the Federalists with their core beliefs:

  Alexander Hamilton ↔️ Strong national government

  James Madison ↔️ National unity

  John Jay ↔️ Economic prosperity
• What is ratification in the context of a constitution or treaty?

  Formal approval process
• In the United States, the Constitution required ratification by at least nine of the thirteen states
• The Federalists supported a strong central government to ensure stability and economic prosperity.
• The Federalists believed in national unity and a strong national government
• What was a primary concern of the Anti-Federalists regarding the Constitution?

  Lack of Bill of Rights
• Sequence the key events in the ratification process:

  1️⃣ Drafting of the Constitution

  2️⃣ Federalist-Anti-Federalist debate

  3️⃣ Ratification by state conventions

  4️⃣ Addition of the Bill of Rights
• Who authored the 'Letters from a Federal Farmer'?

  Anti-Federalists
• The Federalists argued that the Constitution would prevent economic prosperity.

  False
• The Anti-Federalists opposed the Constitution because it lacked explicit protections for individual freedoms
• What was the purpose of state conventions during the ratification process?

  Debate and vote on Constitution
• The Constitution required unanimous consent from all states to take effect.

  False
• Match the pivotal state with its significance in the ratification process:

  Massachusetts ↔️ Conditional ratification

  New York ↔️ Strengthened national unity

  Virginia ↔️ Enhanced legitimacy
• The Bill of Rights was adopted to address the concerns of the Anti-Federalists
• What does the First Amendment guarantee?

  Freedom of speech
• Arrange the positions of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists regarding the Bill of Rights:

  1️⃣ Federalists believed a Bill of Rights was unnecessary

  2️⃣ Anti-Federalists argued for explicit protections

  3️⃣ Compromise led to adoption of Bill of Rights
• The Bill of Rights served as a compromise between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists.
• The Constitution required ratification by at least nine of the thirteen states
• The Federalists advocated for a strong national government to ensure stability
• What were the primary concerns of the Anti-Federalists regarding the Constitution?

  State sovereignty and individual liberties