6.9 Institutional Responses and Reform

• The Factory Act of 1833 limited working hours for children and adolescents
• Which law prohibited the employment of women and children in underground coal mines?

  Mines and Collieries Act of 1842
• The Trade Union Act of 1871 legalized trade unions, allowing workers to organize and negotiate.
• Order the types of social welfare programs from most direct to least direct intervention:

  1️⃣ Income Support

  2️⃣ Housing Assistance

  3️⃣ Healthcare

  4️⃣ Education
• What type of benefits does the National Insurance system in Britain provide?

  Unemployment, old-age pensions
• Education reforms during industrialization aimed to modernize education and provide practical skills
• The establishment of public schools in Germany allowed children from all backgrounds to learn trades and literacy.
• Match the challenge of industrialization with its example response:

  Disease ↔️ Improved sanitation and water systems

  Working Conditions ↔️ Labor laws limiting working hours

  Poverty ↔️ Social welfare programs
• Institutional responses to industrialization included labor laws, public health initiatives, and social welfare programs
• What was the primary goal of institutional responses to industrialization?

  Mitigate negative impacts
• Labor laws addressed poor working conditions by limiting working hours and improving workplace safety.
• What were the primary challenges brought by industrialization?

  Poverty, disease, working conditions
• Poverty during industrialization led to increased crime rates and malnutrition.
• Which diseases spread rapidly due to poor sanitation in industrial cities?

  Cholera, typhoid, tuberculosis
• Unsafe machinery and long hours in factories led to frequent workplace accidents
• Institutional responses to industrialization aimed to address challenges like poverty and disease.
• What was the purpose of labor laws and regulations during industrialization?

  Improve working conditions
• Public health initiatives during industrialization focused on combating disease
• Social welfare programs during industrialization aimed to alleviate poverty.
• What type of institutional response addressed poverty during industrialization?

  Social welfare programs
• Match the challenge of industrialization with its institutional response:

  Poverty ↔️ Social welfare programs

  Disease ↔️ Public health initiatives

  Working Conditions ↔️ Labor laws and regulations
• Labor laws during industrialization improved workplace safety by limiting working hours.
• What were the key objectives of labor reforms and legislation during industrialization?

  Worker protection, regulated hours
• Labor reforms and legislation aimed to improve working conditions and protect workers' rights
• What was one objective of labor reforms and legislation during the Industrial Revolution?

  Protection of workers
• Match the labor law with its description:

  Factory Act of 1833 ↔️ Limited working hours for children

  Mines and Collieries Act of 1842 ↔️ Prohibited women and children in mines

  Trade Union Act of 1871 ↔️ Legalized trade unions
• The Factory Act of 1833 in Britain provided for factory inspections and set age limits
• What are social welfare programs designed to address during industrialization?

  Poverty
• Poverty alleviation is one of the key objectives of social welfare programs.
• Match the type of social welfare program with its example:

  Income Support ↔️ National Insurance in Britain

  Healthcare ↔️ National Health Service in Britain

  Education ↔️ State-funded schools
• The National Insurance system in Britain provides unemployment benefits and old-age pensions
• What was one primary goal of education reforms during the Industrial Revolution?

  Expand access to education
• Education reforms shifted the curriculum from classical studies to practical skills and sciences.
• Education reforms improved teaching methods from rote learning to interactive instruction
• What example illustrates the expansion of education access during the Industrial Revolution?

  Germany's public schools
• Labor laws reduced working hours but increased production costs
• Match the reform with its positive and negative impact:

  Labor Laws ↔️ Improved worker safety, Increased production costs

  Social Welfare Programs ↔️ Reduced poverty, Financial strain on budgets

  Public Health Initiatives ↔️ Lower disease rates, Large-scale investments