9.3.2 World Wide Web

• The World Wide Web is a distributed system based on HTTP and HTML
• Who invented the World Wide Web?

  Tim Berners-Lee
• The first website went live in 1991.
• Key milestones in the evolution of the WWW

  1️⃣ Tim Berners-Lee invents HTTP, HTML, and URLs in 1989

  2️⃣ The first website goes live in 1991

  3️⃣ Mosaic, the first popular web browser, is released in 1993

  4️⃣ Internet Explorer is launched in 1995

  5️⃣ Web 2.0 and social media platforms emerge in the 2000s
• URLs are used to locate resources on the web
• HTTP governs how web browsers and servers communicate.
• HTML is the markup language used to structure and format web content using tags
• Functions performed by web browsers

  1️⃣ Rendering HTML

  2️⃣ Executing JavaScript

  3️⃣ Managing Cookies

  4️⃣ Using Extensions
• Match the web browser with its key feature:

  Chrome ↔️ Speed and large extension library

  Firefox ↔️ Open source and privacy focus

  Safari ↔️ Optimized for macOS and energy efficiency

  Edge ↔️ Microsoft integration and collections feature
• The WWW was invented in 1989 by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN.
• A URL identifies a specific webpage or file
• What is the primary role of a web server?

  Hosts and delivers websites
• Match the web component with its definition:

  Web Server ↔️ Hosts and delivers website content

  Web Client ↔️ Requests and displays web content
• Web servers and clients are key components of the World Wide Web. They define the Internet
• Web servers use protocols like HTTP and HTTPS to communicate with clients.
• What is the role of web clients in the client-server model?

  Request and display content
• The client-server model defines the interaction between a client and a server
• Match the component with its role in the web:

  Web Server ↔️ Stores and serves webpages

  Web Client ↔️ Browses websites
• Steps in a client-server interaction when accessing a webpage

  1️⃣ User types http: / / example.com</latex> into a browser

  2️⃣ Browser sends an HTTP request to the server at example.com

  3️⃣ Server finds the requested webpage

  4️⃣ Server sends the webpage back to the browser

  5️⃣ Browser displays the webpage to the user
• What is one societal impact of the World Wide Web?

  Instant global communication
• The World Wide Web has enabled global e-commerce, allowing businesses to reach international markets
• The World Wide Web has democratized access to information.
• The World Wide Web is based on the protocols HTTP and HTML
• What is the purpose of the Internet in relation to the World Wide Web?

  Infrastructure for data communication
• Match the Internet and the World Wide Web with their definitions:

  Internet ↔️ Global network of interconnected computer networks

  World Wide Web ↔️ Collection of websites on the Internet
• Key technologies of the Internet include IP, TCP, and DNS
• What are some services offered by the Internet but not the World Wide Web?

  Email, FTP, online gaming
• The World Wide Web is a part of the Internet.
• The World Wide Web uses key technologies like HTTP, HTML, and URLs
• What are the key technologies underlying the World Wide Web?

  HTTP and HTML
• The World Wide Web relies on the Internet's infrastructure to function.
• The World Wide Web was invented in 1989
• Who invented the World Wide Web?

  Tim Berners-Lee
• Timeline of key milestones in the history of the World Wide Web

  1️⃣ 1989: Tim Berners-Lee invents HTTP, HTML, and URLs

  2️⃣ 1991: The first website goes live

  3️⃣ 1993: Mosaic, the first popular web browser, is released

  4️⃣ 1995: The launch of e-commerce sites

  5️⃣ 2000s: Rise of Web 2.0 and social media platforms
• What was the first popular web browser?

  Mosaic
• Match the WWW component with its role:

  URL ↔️ Locates and identifies webpages

  HTTP ↔️ Transfers data between browsers and servers

  HTML ↔️ Structures and formats web content
• HTTP is a communication protocol used to transfer data between web browsers and servers.
• Web browsers interpret HTML code to display webpages.
• What is the role of the user interface in a web browser?

  Allows user interaction
• Match the web browser with its key feature:

  Chrome ↔️ Speed, Google services integration

  Firefox ↔️ Open source, privacy focus

  Safari ↔️ Optimized for macOS, energy efficiency